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www.jainworld.com Tatvarth Sutra English..Upadhaya Shritsagar
Chapter 5
INANIMATE ENTITIES
vthodk;k /kekZ/kekZdk’k&iqn~xyk%AA 1AA
Ajivakaya
dharmadharmakasha-pudgalah
_The non-living substances (bodies) are the medium
of motion, the medium of rest, space and matter.
nzO;kf.kAA 2AA
Dravyani
_These (four) are substan-ces (drayas).
thok’pAA 3AA
Jivashcha
_The souls are the living things and
are also substances. Thus there are six sustances the living things (souls), the matter,
the medium of motion, the medium of rest, the space and the time.
fuR;kofLFkrkU;:ikf.kAA 4AA
Nityavasthitanyarupani
_These six substances are eternal,
non-destructible, fixed in number (i.e. six) and, except for matter, are formless.
:fi.k% iqn~xyk%AA 5AA
Rupinah pudgalah
_The matter has taste, smell, colour
and
touch and, therefore, have form.
vk vkdk’kknsdnzO;kf.kAA 6AA
A akashadekadravyani
_The medium of motion, the medium of
rest and space each is a single continuous extention with regard to substances, but with
regard to place, time and thought, each substance is innumberable and infinite.
fuf"Dj;kf.k pAA 7AA
Nishkriyani cha
_These three (the medium of motion,
the medium of rest and space) are also without activity (movement), since these are
spread in the whole universe.
vla[;s;k% izns’kk /kekZ/keSZdthokuke~AA 8AA
Ashamkhyeyah pradeshah
dharmadharmaikajivanam
_There are innumberable space points
in the medium of motion, the medium of rest and in each individual soul. One space point
is the space occupied by one elementary particle of matter.
vkdk’kL;kuUrk%AA 9AA
Akasasyanantah
_The space points in the space are infinite,
but are innumerable in the universe.
la[;s;k 
la[;s;k'p iqn~xykuke~~AA 10AA
Sankhyeyasankhyeyashcha
pudgalanam
_The matter has numberable,
innumberable
and infinite space points.
uk.kks%AA 11AA
Nanoh
_The elementary unit of matter is
extremely small compared to atom (in today's science) and is indivisible and occupies
one space point.
yksdkdk'ks oxkg%AA 12AA
Lokakashe(a)vagahah
_These substances_the media of
motion and rest, the time, the souls and the matter are located in the space of the
universe. The splace outside the universe has no substance other than space.
/kekZ/keZ;ks% d‘RLusAA 13AA
Dharmadharmayoh
kratsne
_The media of motion and rest
pervade the entire universe-space and both coexist without interference.
,dizns’kkfn”kq HkkT;% iqn~xykuke~AA 14AA
Ekapradesadishu
bhajyah pudgalanam
_The matter occupy (inhabit) space
from one to innumerable space points.
vla[;s;Hkkxkfn”kq thokuke~AA 15AA
Asankhyeyabhagadishu
jivanam
_The Soul inhabits from one to
innumberable space points in the universe-space.
izns’k&lagkj&folikZH;ka iznhior~AA 16AA
Pradesha-sanhara-visarpabhyam
pradipavat
_The space points of a soul can
change by contraction and expansion as in the case of a lamp, light expands and fill the
space available around it - a small pot or a huge room.
xfrfLFkR;qixzgkS /kekZ&/keZ;ks#idkj%AA 17AA
Gatisthityupagrahau
dharma-dharmayorupakarah
_The functions of the media of
motion and rest are to assist motion and rest respectively of the soul and the matter.
Akasasyavagahah
_The function of space is to provide
accommodation to all substances.
'kjhjokM~eu%izk.kkikuk%
iqn~xykuke~~AA 19AA
Shariravanmanahpranapanah
pudgalanam
_The function of matter is to form
the basis
of the body and the organs of speech
and mind and respiration.
Sukhaduhkhajivitamarano-pagrahashcha
_The function of matter is also to
contribute
to sensuous pleasure, suffering, life
and death of living beings.
ijLijksixzgks thokuke~AA 21AA
Parasparopagraho
jivanam
_The function of souls is to help
one another.
orZuk&ifj.kke&fDj;k&ijRokijRos p dkyL;AA 22AA
Vartana-parinama-kriyah-
paratvaparatve ca kalasya
_The function of time is to assist
substances in their continuity of being (through gradual changes), in their
modifi-cations, in their actions and in their proximity and non-proximity in time.
Li’kZ&jl&xU/k&o.kZoUr% iqn~xyk%AA 23AA
Sparsha-rasa-gandha-varnavantah
pudgalah
_The forms of matter are
characterized by touch, taste, smell and colour.
Hksn&re’Nk;kriks|ksroUr’pAA 24AA
Sabda-bandha-saukshmya-sthaulya-sansthana-
bheda-tamashchhaya
tapodyotavantashcha
_Sound, union, fineness, grossness,
shape,
divison, darkness, image, warm light
(sunshine) and cool light
(moon-light) also characterize the forms of matter.
v.ko% LdU/kk’pAA 25AA
Anavah skandhasca
_The elementary particle and the
stock (a number of elementary particles under one unified identity) are the two main
divisons of matter.
Hksnla?kkrsH; mRi|UrsAA 26AA
Bhedasanghatebhya
utpadyante
_The stocks are formed by division
(fission),
union (fusion) and division-cum-union.
Hksnkn.kq%AA 27AA
Bhedadanuh
_The elementary particle is produced
only
by divison (fission)of stock.
Hksn&la?kkrkH;ka pk{kq”k%AA 28AA
Bhedasanghatabhyam
chakshushah
_The stock produced by the combined
action
of division (fission) and union (fusion)
can be perceived by the eyes.
ln~ nzO;y{k.ke~AA 29AA
Sat dravyalakshanam
_To exist and to remain in existence
is the characteristic of the substance.
mRikn&O;;&/kzkSO;&;qDra lr~AA 30AA
Utpada-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktam
sat
_Existence of a substance is
characterized by origination (production), disappearance (destruction) and permanence.
rn~HkkokO;;a fuR;e~AA 31AA
Tadbhavavyayam nityam
_Permanence is indestructi-bility of
the essential nature (quality) of the substance.
vfiZrkufiZrfl)s%AA 32AA
Arpitanarpitasiddheh
_The contradictory characteristics
of a substance are established from different points of view.
fLuX/k&:{kRokn~ cU/k%AA 33AA
Snigdha-rukshatvad
bandhah
_Combination of elementary particles
of matter takes place by virtue of greasy (sticky) and dry (roughy) properties
associated with them.
u t?kU;xq.kkuke~AA 34AA
Na jaghanyagunanam
_There is no combination between the
elementary particles hving only the lowest degree of these two properties with the other
elementary particles.
xq.klkE;s ln‘’kkuke~AA 35AA
Gunasamye sadrsanam
_There is no combination between
equal
degrees of the same property
Dvyadhikadigunanam tu
_But there is combination between
the elementary particles having different degrees of properties.
cU/ks f/kdkS ikfj.kkfedkS pAA 37AA
Bandhe(a)dhikau
parinamikau cha
_In the process of combination the
higher
degrees transform the lower ones.
xq.k&i;Z;on~ nzO;e~AA 38AA
Gunaparyayavad dravyam
_That which has qualities and modes
is a substance.
dky’pAA 39AA
Kalashcha
_Time also is a substance.
lks uUrle;%AA 40AA
So(a)nantasamayah
_It (conventional time) consists of
infinite instants. One instant is the time taken by a slow moving elementary particle of
matter to move from one space point to the adjacent space point.
nzO;kJ;k fuxqZ.kk% xq.kk%AA 41AA
Dravyashraya nirguna
gunah
_Those, which have substnace as
their substratum and which are not themselves the substratum of other attributes, are
qualities.
rn~Hkko% ifj.kke%AA 42AA
Tadbhavah parinamah
_The condition of a substance is a
mode.
=====================================================
INANIMATE ENTITIES
It explains the following:
Definition Of Entity.
Existence is the characteristic of an entity.
Existence entails.
origination of new forms.
destruction of old forms.
permanence.
Permanence implies indestructibility of intrinsic attributes.
An entity possesses attributes as well as modifications.
Entities Of The Universe.
Inanimate entities include.
Medium of motion.
Medium of rest.
Space.
Matter.
Soul is also entity.
The entities are eternal (indestructible), and they cannot be transformed into one another, they cannot be detected through the senses, except matter.
Matter can be detected through the senses because it has touch, taste, smell and color.
Medium of motion, medium of rest and space, each is one single continuum and are motionless.
Medium of motion, medium of rest, and each soul have innumerable space-points.
Space has infinite points.
Pieces of matter have numerable or innumerable elementary particles.
An elementary particle of matter occupies one space-point.
All the entities inhabit the physical space.
A soul can occupy one or more space-points.
Depending upon the available volume (of the body), a soul expands or contracts and fills the whole body as does the light from a lamp.
Description Of Matter.
Matter possesses touch, taste, smell and color.
Matter includes sound, heat, light, darkness and images.
Pieces of matter undergo binding and disintegration.
They are subtle or gross.
Matter consists of elementary indivisible particles and their aggregates.
Functions Of The Entities.
The medium of motion and medium of rest, respectively, support the motion and the rest of inanimate objects.
The function of space is to accommodate all the entities of the universe.
Various types of material substances form the basis of bodies, speech, mind and respiration of living beings.
They are also responsible for sensual pleasure and pain, life and death.
The function of worldly souls is to help each other.
The function of the sixth entity, time, is to support the existence, modifications and activity of other entities, and high and low priority.