Acharya Uma Swami                          

Ratna-sharkara-baluka-panka-dhuma-tamo-mahatamahprabha bhumayo ghanambu-vatakasha-pratishthah saptadho (a) dhah

_The lower world consists of seven infernal earths namely Ratnaprabha, Sharkaraprabha, Baluprabha, Pankaprabha, Dhumaprabha, Tamahprabha and Mahatamahprabha, one below the other, surrounded by three kinds of air and space.

 

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Tasu trinsatpanchavinshati-pancha dasha-dasha-tri-panchonaika-naraka-shatasahasrani pancha chaiva yathakramam

_In these earths there are thirty lakh, twenty-five lakh, fifteen lakh, ten lakh, three lakh, one lakh less five and only five infernal abodes respectively.  

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 Naraka nitya shubtara leshya parinam deha vedana vikriya

The thought colouration, thought activity, body, suffering and shape of body are incessantly more and more inauspicious in succession among the infernal beings in the first infernal earth to the seventh infernal earth.

   

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Parasparodiritaduhkhah

They cause pain and suffering to one another.

   

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Sanklishtasurodiritaduhkhashcha prakchaturthyah

_Pain is also caused by the incitement of malevolent asura-kumaras prior to the fourth earth i.e. in the first to the third earths.

   

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Tesveka-tri-sapta-dasha-saptadasha-dvavinshati-

trayastrinshat-sagaropama sattvanam para sthitih

_The maximum life span of the infernal beings in the first to seventh infernal earths is one, three, seven, ten, seventeen, twenty-two and thirty-three sagar respectively.

   

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Jambudvipa-lavanodadayah shubhanamano dvipa-samudrah

_Jambudvipa etc. and Lavanoda etc. are the auspicious names of the continents and the oceans respectively.

   

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Dvirdvirvishkambhah purva-purva-parikshepino valayakratayah

_Each of the continent is encirled by an ocean and each ocean is encircled by a continent. Each continent and ocean is circular and has a diameter twice that of the immediately preceeding ocean or continent.

   

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Tanmadhye merunabhirvratto yojana-shatasahashtra-vishkambho jambudvipah

_Jambudvipa continent, which is round and one hundred thousand yojanas in diameter, is at the center of these oceans and the continents. Mount Meru is at the centre of this continent like the navel in the body.

   

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Bharata-haimavata-hari-videha-ramyaka-hairanya-

vatairavata-varshah kshetrani

_Bharata, Haimavata, Hari, Videha, Ramyaka, Hairanyavata and Airavata are the seven regions.

   

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Tadvibhajinah purvaparayata himavanmahahima vannishadha-nila-rukmi-shikharino varsha-dhara-parvatah

_The mountain chains Himavan, Mahahimavan, Nishadha, Nila, Rukmi, and Shikhari, running east to west, divide these seven regions.

   

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Hemarjunatapaniyavaiduryarajata- hemamayah

_The colour of these six mountains are golden like gold, white like silver, red like hot gold, blue like vaidurmani, white like silver and golden like gold respectively.

   

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Manivichitraparshva upari mule cha tulya-vistarah

_Those mountains are of equal width at the foot, in the middle and at the top, and their sides are studded with various jewels.

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Padma-mahapadma tiginchha-kesari-

mahapundarika-pundarika hradasteshamupari

_Padma, Mahapadma, Tiginchha, Kesari, Mahapundarika and Pundarika respectively are the lakes on the top of these mountains.

   

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Prathamo yojanasahastraya-masta- darddhavishkambho hradah

_Padma, the first lake is 1,000 yojanas in length and 500 yojana in breadth.  

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Dashayojanavagahah

_Depth of the first lake is ten yojans.

   

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Tanmadhye yojanam pushkaram

_In the middle of this first lake, there is a lotus of the size of one yojana.

 

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Taddvigunadviguna hradah pushkarani cha

_Size of Mahapadma lake and the lotus in it is double that of Padma lake. Similarly the size of Tiginchha lake and the lotus is double that of Mahapadma lake. Kesri, Mahapundrika and Pundrika are similar to Tiginchha, Mahapadma and Padma respectively.

   

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Tannivasinyo devyah sri-hri-dhrti-kirti-buddhi-lakshmyah 

palyopamasthitayah sasamanika-parishatkah

_Devis called Sri, Hri, Dhriti, Kirti, Buddhi and Laksmi respectively live with devas of the Samanikas and Parisatkas varieties in these lotuses. The life time of these devis is one palya.

   

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Ganga-sindhu-rohidrohitasya-hariddharikanta-sita-sitoda-nari-

narakanta-suvarna-rupya-kularakta-raktodah- saritastanmadhyagah

_The Ganga-the Sindhu, the Rohit-the Rohitasya, the Harit- the Harikanta, the Sita-the Sitoda, the Nari-the Narakanta, the Suvarnakula-the Rupyakula and the Rakta-the Raktoda are the seven pairs of two rivers each flowing across these seven regions.

 

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Dvayordvayoh purvah purvagah

_The first of each pair of these rivers flows eastwards 

and fall into the eastern ocean.

   

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Sheshastvaparagah

_The rest of the rivers are the western rivers and fall into the western ocean.

   

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Chaturdasha-nadi-sahastra-parivrata ganga-sindhvadayo nadyah

_Each of Ganga and Sindhu, the first pair of rivers, has 14,000 tributaries. The number of tributaries doubles for each pair of subsequent rivers upto Sita-Sitoda, and thereafter it reduces to half for each pair of subsequent rivers.

   

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Bharatah shadvinshati-pancha- yojana-shatavistarah shat chaikonavinshatibhaga yojanasya

_Bharata is 526 6/19 yojans in width.

   

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Taddviguna-dvigunavistara varshadharavarsha videhantah

Width of the mountains and regions is double that 

of the previous one upto the Videha.

   

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Uttara dakshinatulyah

_The mountains and the regions in the north are 

equal to those in the south (in the reverse order).

   

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Bharatairavatayorvraddhihnasau shatsamayabhyamutsarpinya-vasarpinibhyam

_Regeneration (Utsarpini) and degeneration (Avsarpini) aeon each has six distinct periods during which the humans in Bharata and Airavata regions experience the improvement and decline respectively in their age, body and the materials for their use.

   

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Tabhyamapara bhumayo (a)vasthitah

_The regions other than Bharata and Airavata are stable and do not experience change of periods.

   

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Eka-dvi-tri-palyopamasthitayo haimavataka-harivarshaka daivakuravakah

_The life span of the human beings in Haimavata, Hari and Devakuru (an area in the south of the Sumeru) are one, two and three palyas respectively; body height is 2000, 4000 and 6000 dhanush (1000 dhanush equal to 1 mile) respectively; take food after one, two and three days respectively; colour of the body is blue, white and golden respectively. These conditions reflect the third �lq"eknq""kek"second �lq"ek" and first �lq"eklq"ek" periods respectively of the degenration aeon (Avsarpini).

   

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Tathottarah

_The condition is the same in the north.

   

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Videheshu sankhyeyakalah

_In Videhas the lifetime is numberable years, ranging from seventy lakh fifty six thousand crore years to vUreqZgwrZ (this is a period anywhere from) a little less than forty eight minutes to little move than one instant body height 500 dhanush and take food daily. These conditions correspond to the end of third period of degeneration lq"eknq""kek  

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Bharatasya vishkambho jambu-dvipasya navatishata-bhagah

_The width of Bharata is one hundred and ninetieth part of that of Jambudvipa.

   

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Dviradhatakikhande

In Dhatakikhanda regions, mountains, lakes,

 rivers etc are twice that in Jambudvipa.  

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Pushkararddhe cha

_Pushkaradvipa is devided into two halves by the Manushottara mountain. Half of Puskaradvipa towards Dhatakikhanda also has regions, mountains, lakes, rivers etc. twice that in Jambudvipa.

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Pranmanushottaranmanushyah

_There are human beings up to Manushottara as 

human beings can not go beyond this mountain.

   

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Arya Mlechchhashcha

_The human beings are of two types i.e. 

civilized people and the barbarians.

   

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Bharatairavatavidehah karma-bhumayoanyatra devakuruttara-kurubhyah

_Bharata, Airavata, and Videha excluding Devakuru

 and Uttarakuru, are the regions of labour.

 

 

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Nrasthiti parapare tripalyo-pamantarmuhurte

_The maximum and the minimum periods of lifetime 

of human beings are three palyas and antarmuhurta.

   

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Tiryagyonijanam cha

_These are the same for the animals.