Chapter-1 C-2
C-3 C-4
C-5
C-6 CC-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
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Chapter-1 C-2
C-3 C-4
C-5
C-6 CC-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
AUDIO-1 Audio-2
www.jainworld.com Tatvarth Sutra English..Upadhaya Shritsagar
Chapter I
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Samyagdarshana-gyana-charitrani-
mokshamargah
_Right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct
together consti-tute the path to
liberation.
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Tattvarthashraddhanam-
samyagdarshanam
_Belief in realities ascer-tained as they
are is right faith.
Tannisargadadhigamadva
_This right faith is attained by intuition
or by acquisition of knowledge.
Jivajivashrava-bandha-samvara-nirjara-mokshastattvam
_The living and the non- living substances,
influx, bondage, stoppage, dissociation and liberation from karmas are the seven types
of reality.
Nama-sthapana-dravya-bhavatastannyasah
_The realities, right faith etc. are
installed by name, representation, substance (poten-tiality) and current state.
Pramana-nayairadhigamah
_Knowledge of the realities, right faith
etc. is attained by means pramana (the complete knowledge) and naya (one aspect of the
knowledge).
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Nirdesha -svamitva-
sadhana-dhikarana-sthiti-vidhanatah
_Knowledge is also attained by description,
ownership, means, resting place (substratum), duration and division.
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Satsankhya-kshetra-sparshana-kalantara-bhavalpa-bahutvaishcha
_Existence, number (enumeration), present
abode, extent of space (pervasion), time, interval of time, thought-activity, and
reciprocal comparision and also help in the attainment of knowledge.
Mati-srutavadhi-manah
paryaya-kevalani gyanam
_Knowledge is of five kinds_ sensory
knowledge, scriptural knowledge, clairvoyance, telepathy and omniscience.
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Tatpramane
_All of these five kinds of knowledge are pramana i.e.
valid knowledge and are of two types.
Adye paroksham
_The first two kinds of knowledge are
indirect knowledge (since these are attained through the sensory organs and the mind).
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Pratyakshamanyat
_The remaining three know-ledges constitute direct
knowledge (since these are attained
by the soul itself).
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Matih smrtih sangya
chinta-abhinibodha ityanarthantaram
_Sensory cognition, remem-berance, recognition, induction
and deduction are synonyms for sensory
knowledge.
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Tadindriyanindriya-nimittam
_Sensory knowledge is attained through five
senses and the mind.
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Avagrahehavayadharanah
_The four divisions of sensory knowledge are
perception, curosity, judgement and
retention.
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Bahu-bahuvidha-kshipranih-srata(a)nukta-dhruvanam
setaranam
_The subdivisions of each of these are
many, many kinds, quick, hidden, unexpressed, lasting and their opposites.
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Arthasya
_These are the attributes of substances (objects)
and known through sensory knowledge.
Vyanjanasyavagrahah
_Indistinct things are known only through
perception sensory knowledge.
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Na chakshuranindriyabhyam
_Perception of indistinct things does not arise
by means of the eyes and the mind.
Shrutam matipurvam
dvyaneka-dvadasabhedam
_Scriptural knowledge is preceded by sensory knowledge
and is of two kinds, twelve kinds, and many
kinds.
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Bhavapratyayo (a)vadhirdeva-narakanam
_Clairvoyance (avadhi) based on birth is possessed
by celestial and infernal beings.
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Kshayopashamanimittah
shadvikalpah sheshanam
_Clairvoyance from destruc-tion-cum-subsidence of
clairvoyance covering karmas is of six kinds. It is acquired
by the rest (namely human beings and
animals).
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Rjuvipulamati manahparyayah
_Rjumati and vipulamati are the two kinds
of telepathy (manah-paryaya).
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Vishuddhyapratipatabhyam
tadvisheshah
_Vipulamati is special as compared to Rjumati
on account of higher purity and
infallibility.
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Vishuddhi-kshetra-swami-vishayebhyo(a)vadhi-manah
paryayayoh
_Telepathy (manahparyaya) and clairvoyance
(avadhi) differ with regard to purity, space, knower and objects. Telepathy is purer
than clairvoyance, but clairvoyance extends to larger space. Those with telepathy
maintain special restraint while clairvoyance can be had in all four conditions of
existence.
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Mati-shrutayornibandho dravyesh- vasarvaparyayeshu
_The range of sensory knowledge and scriptural knowledge extends
to all the six substances but not to all
their modes (forms).
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Rupishvavadheh
_The scope of clairvoy-anace is the substance
which has a shape (the matter).
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Tadanantabhage
manahparya-yasya
_The scope of telepathy is the infinitesimal part of the
matter, which is the subject of
clairvoyance.
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Sarvadravya-paryayeshu
kevalasya
_Omniscience (kevala gyan) extends to all substances
and all their modes simultaneously.
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Ekadini bhajyani
yugapadek-asminnachaturbhyah
_A soul possesses minimum one and maximum
four kinds of knowledge simultaneously. If soul possesses only one type of knowledge,
it is omniscience, if two-these are-sensory and scriptural; if three-these
are-sensory, scriptural and clairvoyance or telepathy; and if four-these are-sensory,
scriptural, clairvoyance and telepathy.
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Matishrutavadhayo
viparya-yashcha
_Sensory knowledge, scrip-tural knowledge and clairvoyance
can also be erroneous knowledge.
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Sadasatoravishesha-dyadrachchhopala-bdherunmattavat
_Owing to lack of discri-mination between
the real and the unreal, erroneous knowledge is whimsi-cal as that of a lunatic.
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Naigama-sangraha-vyavahararju- sutra-shabda-
samabhiru-dhaivambhuta nayah
The
figurative, the synthetic, the analytic, the
straight,
the verbalistic, the conventional and the
specific are the aspects of knowledge (naya).
=====================================
Summary
ASPECTS OF REALITY
Path To Liberation
Rational (proper) perception, rational knowledge and rational conduct together constitute the path to liberation. (1)
Rational Perception
Belief in reality (substances ascertained as they are) is
rational perception.
It is attained by intuition or by acquisition of knowledge.
Aspects Of Reality
Reality has seven aspects: (2)
1. Souls
2. Inanimate entities
3. Influx of karmic matter towards soul
4. Bondage of soul by karmic matter
5. Stoppage of influx of karmic matter towards soul
6. Shedding of karmic matter by soul
7. Liberation of soul from karmic matter
Reality is understood through experimentation (3) and logical thinking.
Understanding an entity or concept entails the consideration of its description, ownership, cause, place, duration and classification.
It also entails knowing its existence, number, extent, area, time, distinguishing features, quality and comparison.
Kinds Of Knowledge
Knowledge is of five kinds:
Sensory cognition
Literal knowledge (4)
Extraordinary knowledge (clairvoyance)
Mental knowledge (telepathy)
Absolute knowledge (omniscience)
Sensory cognition includes recollection, recognition, induction and deduction. It is acquired by the help of the senses and the mind.
Scriptural knowledge is preceded by sensory cognition.
The subject of extraordinary knowledge is matter, including embodied soul.
The subtlest forms of matter forms the subject of mental
knowledge.
All the entities of the universe, including their modifications, form the subject of absolute knowledge.
Sensory cognition, literal knowledge and extraordinary knowledge can be wrong knowledge.