137 and 138 If attachment and other emotions are really produced by the Self and the karmas co-operating together as upadana causal conditions, then both the Self and the karmic matter will be able to appear in the form of the psychic mode of attachment. If the Self manifesting by himself is capable of producing attachment and other psychic modifications, then it must follow that even the pure Self without the influence of karmic materials must be able to manifest into impure forms of psychic modes such as attachment.