For assimilative body vibration, there is only 6th stage. There are 63 bondage, 57 non-bondage, 6 bondage - Cessation like the 6th stage.

For assimilative mixed with physical vibration there are 62 bondage, 58 non-bondage, 6 bondage-cessation; here celestial age is not bound. For Karmic body vibration the bondage like physical mixed is of 114, as below: but human and sub-human ages are not bound here.

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	107	5*	13+	*5- Tirthankara – celestial 4, +13 = 16 (hellish age nd human condition and migratory form).
2^nd	94	18	24++	+25-sub-human age.
4^th	75	37	74	70+5 (Tirthankara and celestial 4).
13^th	1	111	1

For female sex inclination, 120 are bound, the chart is like that of spiritual stage till 9th stage, up to the part of sex inclination. For female sex incompletely undevelopable, 107(120- 4 ages, Tirthankara, assimilative 2, celestial 4, hellish 2) are bound as below:

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	107	0	13*	*16-hellish abe and hellis condition and migratory form.
2^nd	94	13	24+	+25-sub-human age.

For common sex inclination like the female, 120 are bound and the stages are 9. For common sex inclination incompletely undevelopables 108 (120-assimilative 2, celestial 4, hellish 2 and ages 4) are bound as below :

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	107	1*	13	*Tirthankara. 16 3 hellish.
2^nd	94	14	24++	+25-sub-human age.
4^th	71	37	9	70+Tirthankara. 10-Human age.

For common sex inclination completely undevelopables, 109 are bound only in wrong-belief stage (108-Tirthankara r human and sub-human ages). For male inclination 120 are bound like the stages till 9th up to part of sex-inclination.

For male inclination incompletely undevelopables, 112 (120assimilative 2, hellish 2, 4 ages) are bound as below :-

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	107	5*	13+	*5=Tirthankara+celestial 4. +16 – hellish 3
2^nd	94	14	24++	+25-sub-human age.
4^th	75	37	9	70+Tirthankara 4

Note. There is bondage of Tirthankara and assimilative 2 in female and common sex inclination; but their operation is only in male inclination.

For passion soul-quest, know the table like that of stages till 10th. For wrong sensitive. scriptural and visual knowledge, 117 (120-Tirthankara and assimilative 2) are bound as below :

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.
1^st	117	0	16
2^nd	101	16	25

For right sensitive, scriptural, visual knowledge 79(120-(16+25) are bound, the stages are 9 from 4th to- 12th. Take them as per stage chart.

For mental knowledge, only 65 (120-16+25+10+4) are bound from 6th to 12th stage, as below :

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
6^th	63	2	6	* asimilative 2.
7^th	59	6	1	+57+assimilative 2.
8^th	58	7	36	70+Tirthankara 4
9^th	22	43	5
10^th	17	48	16
11^th	1	64	0
12^th	1	64	0

For perfect knowledge only one is bound in the 13th stage. For non-control, 120 assimilative 2 = 118 are bound as below ;

St.	Bon.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	117	1*	16	*Tirthankara.
2^nd	101	17	25
3^rd	74	44	0	=42= human and celestial age
4^th	77+	41	10	74 + Tirthankara + human and celestial age.

For partial control like the 5th stage.

For equanimity and recovered-equanimity bondage is of 65 as below:

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
6^th	63	2	6	Assimilative2
7^th	59	6	1	57 + assimilative 2.
8^th	58	7	36
9^th	22	43	5

For pure and absolute non-injury control only 2 stages 6th and 7th like the above. Slightest-passion and perfect-control, like the stages 10th and 11th to 14th, respectively.

For ocular and non-ocular conation 120 are bound, the stages are from the first to 12th and bondage is like the stages. For visual conation, (120-41)=79 are bound; stages are from 4th to 12^th like those of visual knowledge. For perfect conation bondage etc. is like perfect knowledge.

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120. But throughout subsidential (i.e. first and second subsidential right belief there) is necessarily no (bondage of) human and celestial age (Karma). In the yellow and pink (paint, there is ) no (bondage of) the last nine and (last) twelve (sub-class respectively of the 16. Sin-classes which cease to be bound) in the wrong-belief (stage).

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121. In white (paint, there) is no (bondage) of the Satara quarternary (G.112) and the lat twelve of (the 16 sub-clsses which cease to be bound at the end of ) wrong belief (stage). In non-assimilation, bondage, non-bondage and bondage-cessation are as in karmic (body vibration).

Commentary.

For black, blue, and grey-thought paints. 118 (120-assimilative 2) are bound, stages are 1^st four, bondage I like the stage. For yellow-thought-paint. (120-fine, undevelopable, common, two to 4-sensed; hellish are, hellish condition and hellish migratory form) 111 are bound as below :-

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	108	3*	7+	*3=Tirthankara and asimilative 2. +16-9-7.
2^nd	101	10	25
3^rd	74	37	0	76 human and celestial ages
4^th	77	34	10	74+ human and clestial ages and Tirthankara
5^th	67	44	4
6^th	63	48	6
7^th	59	52	1	57+ assimilative 2.

For pink-thought paint, (120-one second, immobile, hot light and the above 9), 108 are bound as below :

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	106	3*	4+	*Tirthankara +assimilative 2 +4=16=12.
2^nd	101	7	25
3^rd	74	34	0	76-human and celestial ages.
4^th	77	31	10	74+human and celestial ages and Tirthankara
5^th	67	41	4
6^th	63	45	6
7^th	59	49	1	57+assimilative 2.

For white-thought-paint, (108 as above sub-human ages, ondition and migratory from and cold light ) =104 are bound as below :

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	101	3	4	*3=assimilative 2 and Tirthankara. =16-12.
2^nd	97	7	21	25-4 (sub-human 3 and cold light)
3^rd	74	30	0	76-human and celestial ages.
4^th	77	27	10	74+2 ages and Tirthankara.
5^th	67	37	4
6^th	63	41	6
7^th	59	45	1	57=assimilative 2.
8^th	58	46	36
9^th	22	82	5
10^th	17	87	16
11^th	1	103	0
12^th	1	103	0
13^th	1	103	1

In capacity to liberation (Bhavya quest) 120 are bound, stages are 14 like the stages. For incapacity to liberation, 117 (120 Tirthankara and assimilative 2)are bound, stage is wrong-belief only.

For first subsidential right-belief (120-41-2 the human and celestial ages) 77 are bound. No age Karma is bound in this belief. Stages are 4 as below :

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
4^th	75	2*	9+	*assimilative 2, +10 –human age.
5^th	66	11	4
6^th	62	15	6
7^th	58++	19	0	++56+ assimilative 2.

For second subsidential right-belief, 77 are bound in 8 stages as below; the stages from 4 to 6 are in descending from subsidential ladder. It originates in 7th stage when ascending the ladder. Here also age Karma is not bound.

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
4^th	75	2	9
5^th	66	11	4
6^th	62	15	6
7^th	58*	19	0+	*56+assimilative 2. +(1-celestial age).
8^th	58	19	36
9^th	22	55	5
10^th	17	60	16
11^th	1	76	0

For destructive-subsidential right-belief, 79(120-41) are bound as below :-

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
4^th	77	2*	10	*assimilative 2.
5^th	67	12	4
6^th	63	16	6
7^th	59+	20	1	+57+ assimilative 2.
8^th	58	21	36
9^th	22	57	5
10^th	17	62	16
11^th	1	78	0
12^th	1	78	0
13^th	1	78	1
14^th	0	79	0
Liberate ones	0	0	0

For beliefs, wrong, downfall and mixed, 117,101 and 74 are bound respectively like their stages.

For rationals, 120 are bond in first 12 stages, like the spiritual stages. For irrationals, 117(120-Tirthankara and assimilative 2) are bound as below :

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	117	0	19*	*=16+3 ages
2^nd	98	19	29+	No age is bo0nd here owing to mixed vibration. +as in 2 to 4 sensed.

For assimilation, 120, are bond in 1^st-13 stages like their stages. For non-assimilation (120-4 ages, assimilative 2, hellish condition and migratory form )112 are bound as below :-

St.	Bond.	Nonb.	Ceaseb.	Remarks.
1^st	107	5*	13	*Celestial 4+Tritahnkara. +16-hellish 3.
2^nd	94	18	24	++25-sub-human ages.
4^th	75	37	9+65	70+celestial 4+Tortjamlara/
13^th	1	111	1	In omniscient overflow with Karmic vibration.
14^th	0	112	0

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122. Begun (Sadi), unbegun (Amidi), lasting (Dhruva), and transient, (Adhruva), kinds of bondage (occur) in 6 (knowledge and conation obscuring, deluding, body-making, family, and obstructive) Karmas; and in the third (i. e., feeling Karma) leaving the begun (Sarli kind there are only 3 kinds of bondage). In the age (Karma) leaving unbegun and lasting (kind there are the begun and transient kinds of bondage only).

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123. (Bondage of a Karma in a soul) who has not reached the stage (where it is not bound) is"Unbegun", (Anadi); and its (fresh) bondage (on fall from its) non bondage (stage, is) " begun" (Sadi). In a not-would-be liberated-(soul Ahhavya Siddha Jiva there is) lasting bondage). In the would-be-liberated-(soul Bhavya Siddha Jiva) bondage (is) transient.

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124. (The 19 sub-classes of) the three destructive (i. e. knowledge and conation-obscuring and obstructive Karmas), wrong belief, (16) passions, the pairs, fear \and disgust), and electric (and Karmic bodies), and not heavy-night and self-destructive, Upaghata), formation, and the four, colour (smell, taste and touch)- (these 47 are called) lasting (Dhruva). (They have all) the four kinds (of bondage begun etc). And the remaining (73 i. e., 2 feeling, 7 minor passions, 4 ages, 58 body-making and 2 family are called non-lasting Adhruva and have) 2 kinds(of bondage begun and transient).

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125. Out of (these) remaining (73) Tirthankara. assimilative (body and limbs) the four, other-destructive (Paraghata, radiance, Atapa, phosphoresence, udyota, and respiration, and) all (the 4) ages-(these 11 are) without opposite (apratipaksh~). The remaining 62 certainly (are) with opposite (Sapratipaksha).

Commentary.

With-opposite sub-classes are so called because they are in sets. mutually repugnant; the bondage of one excludes the bondage of the other. For example, when there is bondage of pleasure-feeling, there cannot be a bondage of pain-feeling. Sometimes one may seem to feel both pleasure and pain, but this feeling is merely the operation and not bondage of the pleasure and pain-feeling Karmas; and even then the mixed feeling is only apparent, and not real; because attention changes from pleasure to pain so instantaneously, that although the feelings are really successive, they seem to be simultaneous. The operation also of pleasure and pain-feeling Karmas is successive and not simultaneous.

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126. The (process of) minimum (bondage) of Tirthankara, of assimilative (body and limbs), and of all (the four) age (Karmas, continues) for an Antarmuhurta. (The process of minimum bondage) of the (remaining) sixty-six (takes only) one instant. Thus the remaining (73 non-lasting Karmas are said to have a bondage of) two kinds (begun and non-lasting).

Note.- Here ends the description of the first class of bondage according to nature of the Karma, (Prakriti-Bandha).

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127. (The maximum duration of bondage) of (each of) the three destructive (i. e. knowledge and conation obscuring and obstructive Karmas) and of the third (i. e., feeling-Karma is) thirty crores of crores of Sagaras; of (each of) the two body-making and family, twenty (crores of crores of Sagaras); of the deluding Karma, seventy crores of crores (of Sagaras); and of the age (Karma), only thirty-three (Sagaras).

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128. (Of the 20 sub-classes, i. e.), the pain-(feeling,

and the nineteen sub-classes) of the three destructive (knowledge and conation-obscuring and the obstructive Karmas), the (duration is the same as of the corresponding) primary (classes; i.e., 30 crores of crores of Sagaras each); of pleasure-(feeling), feminine (inclination), (and) of the two human (condition and migratory form), half of these (i: e., 15 crores of crores Sagaras, each); of (wrong belief, sub-class of) right-belief-deluding (Karma), seventy crores of crores Sagaras; and of (16 passions, sub-classes of) conduct-deluding-Karma, forty (crores of crores of Sagaras

each).

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129. Of the last figure (and) skeleton (i. e. disproportionate figure and ordinary joints. the duration is the same as in the) primary (body. making-class, i. e., twenty crores of crores of Sagaras each). (And counting back) up to the first, two less (at each step of a pair, i. e., of dwarf figure and jointed bones, 18 crores of crores of Sagaras each; of hunch-back figure and semi. joints and bones, 16 crores of crores of Sagaras each; of tapering figure and joints-and-bones-skeleton, 14 crores of crores of Sagaras each. For banyan-like. figure and adamantine joints and bones, 12 crores of crores of Sagaras each; and of proportionate figure and adamantine ligaments, joints and bones, 10 crores of era res of Sagaras each). Of the notall-sensed (i.e., two, three and four-sensed) and of the three fine, (common and undevelopable Karmas), eighteen crores of crores of (Sagaras for each).

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130-131. The maximum (duration of bondage) of ennui, sorrow, common (sex-inclination), (and) the pairs, sub-human (condition and migratory form), fear (and disgust), hellish (condition and migratory form), electric, (and Karmic bodies), physical (body and limbs), the pairs, fluid (body and limbs), radiance (and phosphorescence), low (family), (and) the quarternaries, mobile, (gross, developable and individual), colour, (smell, taste and touch), not-neavy-light, (self-destructive, other destructive and respiration), one-sensed. five-sensed immobile, formation, awkward movement, and the six unsteady, (ugly, unprepossessing, harsh voice, non-impressive and notoriety (of these 41 sub-classes. of the conduct-deluding and) of the body-making (Karma), (the duration is) twenty crores of crores of Sagaras (each).

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132. Of laughter, indulgence, high (family), male (inclination), (and) the six steady, (beautiful, amiable, sweet voice, impressive, and fame), graceful movement, (and) the two celestial (condition and migratory form), (the duration is) half of the above (.i. e., 10 crores of crores of Sagaras each); of assimilative (body and limbs), and Tirthankara, (it is) an inter-crore-of-crore Sagaras (Antah koti-koti, i.e., more than 1 crore of Sagaras and less than 1 crore of crore of Sagaras).

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133. Of the celestial and hellish age (Karmas), (the same as of) the primary (class age-karma, i.e., of S3 Sagaras); of the human and sub-human ages, three Palyas. (Thus) the maximum duration of bondage (of the various Karmas occurs) in the rational developable (and otherwise) fit (souls, i. e., with maximum intensity of painful and passion-thought-activity as said in Gatha 134).

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134. The maximum duration of all (Karmas) is due to maximum intensity of the passion-thought-activity. The minimum (is due to) the reverse (i. e., to the mildest passion-thought-activity), excepting the three (sub-human, 'human and celestial) ag€ (Karmas), (in which the minimum duration is due to the intense and the maximum is due to the mild passion-thought-activity).

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135. The wrong-believer is said to bind the maximum duration of all (the 120) except the (four i. e.), assimilative (body and limbs), Tirthankara, and celestial age (Karmas). (The maximum of these four is bound by right-believers

only) .

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136. The imperfect vower (on the point of rising to the 7th from the sixth stage) binds (the maximum duration of) celestial age. The perfect vower (in the 7th stage on the point of falling into 6th stage binds the maximum of) assimilative (body and limbs) and the human vowless-right believer (in the 4th stage, who is distined to go to hell binds the maximum duration) of Tirthankara (Karma).

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137. (Wrong-believing) humans and sub-humans (bind the maximum duration of) the remaining (fifteen, i.. e., three, human, sub-human and hellish) ages, and the six, fluid (body and limbs, and celestial and hellish conditions and migratory forms, and) the three not-an-sensed (i. e., 2,3, and 4-sensed genera), (and the three) fine, (common and undevelopable).

(Wrong believing) celestial and hellish (beings bind the maximum duration of the-six" i.e.,) the pairs, physical (body and limbs), sub-human (condition and migratory form), phoophorescence, (and) ordinary joints.

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188. And (wrong-believing) celestial beings (bind the maximum duration) of one sensed, radiance, immobile. And of the remaining (92 sub-classes),. (the maximum duration of bondage is due) to the maximum and less medium passion thought-activity in the four conditions of existence.

Commentary.

The number of degrees of passions in the maximum-thought activity is innumerable into innumerable spatial units of the universe. Divide this into parts; the number which is innumerable part of a Palya. The passion-thought-activity in the last part is maximum, in the first part minimum, and in the intervening parts, the medium.

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139. The minimum duration of (bondage) of feeling (Karma is) twelve, (Muhtirtas), of body-making-and family (Karma) eight Muhtirtas (each); and of the other five. one antar-muhtirta (each).

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140. The minimum duration (bondage) of slightest greed and the seventeen (sub-classes which are bound in the 10th) the slightest (passion stage, is the same as that for their) class; (i. e. of greed, 5 knowledge-obscuring, 4 conation-obscuring, 5 obstructive, one antar-muhtirta each; of fame and high family, 8 muhtirtas each, and of pleasure feeling 12 muhtirtas); (the three anger, pride and deceit, two months, one (month), and half (a month, respectively): and of male (inclination), eight years.

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141. The minimum duration of bondage of Tirthankara and assimilation (body and limbs is) inter-crore of crore (Sagaras, i. e., more than 1 crore and less than one crore x crore).

This minimum bondage (of the above 25) takes place necessarily in (a soul on) the destructive (ladder) at the time of their respective bondage-cessation.

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142. The minimum duration of bondage of human and sub-human age (is) an Antar-muhtirta (each); of celestial and hellish age (Karmas it is) ten-thousand, years (each).

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143. The developable gross one-sensed (soul) with mild passion activity binds the minimum duration of all the remaining (84, that is, 91 minus 7, namely the celestial and hellish conditions and migratory forms, fluid body and limbs and wrong-belief). (This minimum is) a part (Prati-bhaga) of their respective maximum (see Gatha 145).

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144. The maximum (duration) of bondage of wrong belief in the one-sensed, not-all-sensed (i. e., 2, 3, 4-sensed, and 5 sensed irrational is respectively) one, square of be (i. e., 25), fifty, hundred, and, one-thousand (Sagaras). (And their) minimum (is respectively), (their maximum) minus an innumerable part of a Palya (in the one-sensed) and minus a numerable part (of a Palya in the others)

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145. (The maximum duration) for one sensed to m)t. all-(sensed, that is ~ 3, 4 and five sensed irrationals) is this (namely one, twenty five, fifty, hundred, one thousand Sagaras), when (the maximum for wrong-belief is) seventy (crore of crore Sagaras), what will be (the maximum duration for them), when (the, maxima for other Karmas is) thirty, etc. (crore of crore Sagaras). Thus by rule of three, both (the. maximum and minimum) duration’s of an other (Karmas concerning them will be found).

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146. In the rational, in the four irrational (5,4, 3 and 2 sensed) and in the one-(sensed), (minimum) quiescence (Abadha, see Gatha 155 is for) one antar-muhurta; (but in each. it is numerable part of its predecessor). (And) the maximum (quiescence for the rational is) numerable times (of the minimum therefor), (for each of the four irrationals) the minimum therefor plus a numerable part (of an Avali). (And for one-sensed, its minimum plus) an innumerable part (of an Avali).

Commentary.

Abadha or quiescence means the. period during which a Karma after its bondage remains immature and does not rise. for operation. On the expiry of this time, the Karmic molecules begin to operate. and they gradually shed off, until the. full duration of the Karma is completed. The Abadha period will be included in the duration. bondage.

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147. The maximum(duration of a Karma} divided by its maximum quiescence, is its quiescence-section (Amdha Kangaka, showing the number of the variety of duration’s with equal quiescence).

After multiplying this by the number of divisions of quiescence, and deducting (the product) less one, from the maximum duration, (we obtain) the minimum (duration).

Commentary.

To illustrate. Let the maximum duration of a Karma be 64, and the minimum duration 45 instants. The intermediate duration’s would be of 63 to 46 instants. Let 16 be the maximum period of quiescence. Abadha Kangaka,}-or quiescence-section is a group of duration’s, each of which is possessed of equal quiescence. In each group the quiescence will be gradually deereased by a common difference. In order to find out the Abadha Kangaka in a duration of 64

instants we should divide these instants by 16, the maximum quiescence. The quotient 4 would be the number of periods, each of equal quiescence. This group wil1-'include Karmas of duration varying from 64 to 61 instants each one of quiescence of 16 instants.

For those with durations varying from 60 to 57, the quiescence would be of 15 instants. taking one, as common difference. For those from 56 to 53, the quiescence will be of 14 instants; for those from 52 to 49, it will be of 13 instants; and for those from 48 to 45. it will be of 12 instants. Here the numbers of divisions. of quiescence are, five,' (i, e.. of 16, 15, 14, 13 and 12. instants). The minimum quiescence here is of 12 instants. The number of divisions is obtained by applying the following rule :

maximum quiescence-minimum quiescence +1_16-12 + 1-5

Common difference. 1

According to the Gatha, the minimum duration is 64- (4X 5-1) - 64-19 = 45. We can also find out the minimum quiescence for the minimum duration. Minimum quiescence section begins from 48 to 45 instants. If 16 is Abadha for a Karma with duration of 64 instants, what will be the Abadha for one with 48 instants. By application of Rule of Three, we get 166x48/64 - 12 instants. These 12 instants will also be Abadha Karma of the duration of 45 instants.

As illustrated above, We can find out quiescence sections, and divisions of any of the Karma with different durations.

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148. The maximum duration of (bondage of any Karma of), (1, 2) Gross and fine (one-sensed) developables, and (3, 4) gross and fine (one-sensed) undevelopables; and minimum duration of (5, 6) fine and gross (one-sensed) undevelopables, (7, 8) and, fine and gross (one sensed) devel0pables; maximum (duration), of (9) two-sensed developables and (10) two-sensed undevelopables; and minimum-duration of (11) two-sensed undevelopables ; and (12) two-sensed, developables; and this should be said in a like manner of the remainit1g (namely maximum of (13) three sensed developables, (11) three-sensed undevelopables ; and minimum of (15) three sensed undevelopables and (16) three-sensed developables; maximum of 117) four-sensed developables, and (18) four-sensed undevelopables; minimum of (19) four-sensed undevelopables, and (20) four sensed developables, maximum of (21) five-sensed irrational developables, and (22) five-sensed irrational undevelopables; minimum of (23) five-sensed irrational undevelopables, and (24) five-sensed irrational developables, maximum of (25) five-sensed rational developables, and (26) five-sensed rational undevelopables, minimum of (27) five-sensed rational undevelopables, and (28) five-sensed rational developables will be known in the following Gatha):

Commentary. .

The maximum and minimum duration of bondage in this Gatha is with reference to 28 divisions of souls, viz :

8 divisions of one-sensed, 4 divisions of 2-sensed, 4 divisions of 3-sensed, 4 divisions of 4 sensed, 4divisions of 5-sensed irrational, and 4 divisions of 6 sensed rational.

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149. The shortest duration is in the middle of the divisions of each condition of existence. Both immediately above and below it the duration is numerable fold. Let these three be added. The duration both immediately above and below these again is numerable fold. And so on up to irrational five sensed.

Commentary.

A unit of the number of the divisions of duration is called Shalaka. Let 2 represent numerable fold. Of the 28 divisions in Gatha 148, Nos. 1 to 8 refer to Karmas of one sensed beings. Of these 8, the middle divisions from 4th, the maximum duration of fine undevelopables, to 5th, the minimum duration of fine undevelopables, form … … ... ... 1 Shalaka.

Below it, i.e., from fine undevelopable minimum to

gross undevelopable minimum. the duration-1 x 2 ... 2 Shalakas.

Above 4, i.e., from fine undevelopable maximum to

gross undevelopable maximum the duration = 2 x 2... 4 Shalakas.

These being added ... ... ... 7 Shalakas.

From gross undevelopable minimum to fine deve.

lopable minimum, the duration-7 x 2 ... ... 14 Shalakas.

From gross undevelopable maximum to fine deve.

lopable maximum the duration=14'x 2 ... ... 28 Shalakas.

These being added = … ... 49 Shalakas.

From fine developable minimum to gross deve.

lopable minimum the duration=49 x 2 ... ... 98 Shalakas.

From fine developable maximum to gross, deve-

lopable maximum the duration =98 x 2 ... ... 196 Shalakas.

Total... 343 Shalakas.

In one-sensed beings, the maximum duration of wrong-belief is one Sagara, and the minimum is one Sagara minus (innumerable part of a Palya minus one instant). The divisions of duration from maximum to minimum having a common difference of one instant (Samaya) are equal to innumerable part of a Palya.

Now by rule of three, if innumerable parts Of a Palya are divisions of duration in bondage of wrong-belief for 343 parts, the number of divisions for 196 parts will be 196x/343 assuming the innumerable part of a Palya-x.

This is the number of divisions of duration from the maximum of gross developable to the maximum of fine developables.

Then the maximum duration of fine developables will be ;

1 Sagar -{196x/343 —1.}

In the same way, 28x/343 will be the number of divisions of duration from one instant less than the maximum of fine developable to the maximum of gross undevelopables. Therefore the maximum duration of gross undevelopable would bet {1 Sagara— {196x/343—1}—24x343

Thus we should get the durations of each of 8 divisions for one sensed beings. Also the quiescience (Abadha) should be found in the same way.

In the same way for durations of 4 kinds of 2-sensed, as below:—

The middle is from maximum of undevelopable to

minimum of undevelopable = ... ... ... 1 Shalaka.

Then below, from minimum of undevelopable to

minimum of developable =1 x 2= ... ... … 2 Shalakas.

Then above from maximum of undevelopable to

maximum of developable-2 x 2= ... ... … 4 Shall1kas.

Total= ... 7 Shalakas.

The maximum duration of wrong-belief is 25 Sagaras and the minimum is (Palya-l) % 4 times numerable.

In the same manner the divisions for 3, 4, and 5-sensed irrationals should be found.

Explanatory chart for Gathas 148-150.

Note.-x- Maximum. Y=Minimum. G=Gross. F=Fine. d-deve lopable. u= Undevelopable. N= Numerable

For l-sensed 1. x g d 2. x f d 3. x g u 4. x f u 5. y f u 6. y g u 7. y f d 8. y g d For 2-sensed beings. 9. x d 10. x u 11. y u 12. y d For 3-sensed beings. 13. x d 14. x u 15. y u 16. y d For 4-sensed beings. 17. x d 18. x u 19. y u 20. y d For 5-sensed irrational. 21. x d 22. x u 23. y u 24. y d For 5-sensed rational. 25. x d 26. x u 27. y u 28. y d

The number of instants in x f u minus the number of instants y f u + I, —1 Shalaka. As the divisions of duration are numbered by the difference of one instant, Shalaka means the number of the divisions of duration. The Shalaka from y f u to y g u = num- erable fold of the above Shalaka = N x 1= N Shalakas. That from x. f. u. to x. g. u. … N x N=N ” The total of the first 3 … … 1+N+N ” That from y. g. u. to y. f. d. =N (l+N + N) ” ” ” x. g. u. to x. f. d. =N (l+N+N) ” The total of the first 3 and these 2= (1_N+N) ” That from y. f. d. to y. g. d. = N (1+N+N) ” ” ” x. f. d. to x. g. d. = N(1+N+N) ” The total of all Shalakas = (1+N+N) Now d. g. d. = 1 Sagara … … … (A) y. f. u. = 1 Sagara-(Palya/innumerable —1) (B) Their Shalaka = Innumerable part of a paiya i.e. (A—B)+1. This is for (1+N+N) Shalakas. =N (1+N+N)/(1+N+N) x innumerable part of a Paiya (C) Therefore duration of X f d – 1 Sagara- (C—1) And so on for the others.

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150. For the rational 5-sensed, the divisions of duration are numerable fold at each step above from the below (in 4 steps). So (numerable fold is) the time of duration and the quiescence (is) also according to )heir divisions of duration.

Commentary.

The maximum age of wrong-belief is 70 crore x crore Sagaras which is equal to Palya into two numerables and the minimum is one inter-crore of crore Sagaras above one crore Sagaras, which is equal to Palya x one numerable.

Let maximum-x, minimum = y, numerable=2.

Then total divisions are ... maximum —minimum 1+= x-y + 1.

1

x-y +1.

½

This divided by numerable, e.i. 2

The whole { x~ y/1 + 1} –{x-y/1+1 / ½}—the number of durations from

the developable maximum to undevelopable maximum.

Then the maximum duration of undevelopable

-[x-{(x-y/1 +1)— (x-y/1=1 / 2}—1]

Then the balance x-y/1+1 / 2 again divided by numerable 2,

The whole, {x-y/1+1 / 2} — {x-y/1+1 / 2x2} = the number of durations for one instant less than duration of undevelopable maximum to

undevelopable minimum; the balance i. e., x-y/1+1 / 4 is the number of durations from one instant less than undevelopable minimum to developable minimum. And so on.

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161. The minimum (duration bondage) of the seventeen (i. e., 5 knowledge obscuring, 4 conation-obscuring, 5 obstructive, fame, high family, and pleasure-feeling Karmas is) in (souls in 10th or) slightest (delusion stage); of the five (i. e., male inclination and the four perfect-conduct-preventing passions) in gross (or 9th stage of advanced-thought-activity); of Tirthankara and assimilative (body and limbs), in (the 8th stage of) new (thought activity); of the six (i. e.,) fluid (body and limbs, celestial and hellish conditions and migratory forms), in irrational (5-sensed); and of the age-Karmas, in the rational (or irrational 5-sen sed).

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152. Of the seven primary classes (i. e., all the eight except age) the non-minimum duration bondage (is) of (all) four kinds (i. e., begun, unbegun, lasting and transient). The remaining three (i. e" minimum, maximum and nonmaximum of the seven is only) of two kinds (begun and transient). Of the (four) ages also, the four (i. e., minimum, non-minimum, maximum and non-maximum duration bondages are) of two kinds (i. e. begun and transient).

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153. The non-minimum (duration bondage) of the (four) perfect-conduct-preventing passions and the fourteen destructive (i. e., 5 knowledge obscuring, the first 4 conation-obscuring, and 5 obstructive sub-classes which are bound 'up to the 10th stage of) slightest (delusion is) of (all) the four kinds (begun, unbegun, lasting and transient), And the remaining three (i. e., maximum, non-maximum and minimum duration bandages of the same 18 Karmas are only) of two kinds (begun and transient). All the four kinds (of duration bondage, maximum, non-maximum, minimum and non-minimum) of the remaining (sub-classes i. e., other than these 18, are) of two kinds begun and transient) .

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154. And leaving aside the human, sub-human and celestial ages, (all kinds of) duration (bondage) of the remaining good and bad (Karmas) are bad.

Commentary.

Duration of bondage is determined by intensity of passions. Passions prevent liberation; therefore all duration bondage is bad. Celestial, human and sub-human ages are not bad, because they afford an opportunity of subduing and destroying passions. Sub. human beings can reach up to t he 5th stage of partial vow. Hellish beings can attain at the most to the 4th stage of vowless right belief, but they cannot go out of hell to any place where piety can be practised. In this respect, they differ from celestial beings who are also in the 4th stage, but can .move about and perform acts of piety such as worshipping Arhats, attending upon saints, and visiting Jain temples. Beings in hell always desire to get rid of their bodies, while those in other conditions of existence are more or less attached to their environments. It is why the celestial hum and sub-human ages are taken to be good.

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155. So long as (Karmic) matter which has assumed the form of Karma, does not reach the condition of (matured) operation (Udaya) or the condition of premature operation (Udirna) (it is said to be in) quiescence(Abadha).

Commentary.

Karmic matter flows into the soul on account of soul-vibrations, and by operation of Karmic body sub-class of body-making Karma; and then binds the soul, for a definite durat on varying with the intensity of passions. The period between the moment of bondage and the commencement. of its operation, matured, or immatured, is called Abadha.

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156. With regard to (mature) operation (Udaya) the quiescence (period) of the seven (Karmas, i. e., all Except the age Karma is) 100 years when (the bondage duration is) a crore of crore Sagaras. And for the other durations (it is) in the same proportion.

Commentary.

In a year there are 360 days; in a day 30 muhurtas, and 3773 pulse-beats in a muhurta, which consists of 48 minutes. Thus in one hundred years there are 100 x 360 x 24 x 60)( 3,773-:-48=4,07,48,40,000 pulse-beats. The quiescence for a bondage duration of one Sagara is 4,07,48,40,000-:-10,00,00,00,00,00,000 of one-pulse beat. Thus it is clear that Karmas whose bondage is of ordinary duration begin to operate practically at once.

The four kinds of bondage durationare maximum, non-maximum, non-maximum, and \minimum. One exgerme represents the maximum, and the other, the minimum. The spaces from the middle point to the maximum represents the non-Maximum duration are extremely rare. Ordinarily the durations are of medium types of varying length. Our ordinary passions are neither extremely internees or mild. The corresponding bondage duration is also of ordinary length. The quien scene for one /Sagara years duration is roughly 25,000 the part or exactly speaking 0,00,04,07,484 of a pulse beat. A Sagara consists of innumerable years. Thus it is evident that if a person at the moment of birth binds a Karma of 70 or 80 year’s duration, it must begin to operate after one Avali or wink i.e., practically at once.

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157. The quiescence in a (bondage) duration of one-inter-crore of crore (Sagaras is ) one anther-muhurta. And a numerable part of it ( is the quiescence ) of the minimum duration of all ( the bondages).

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158. The quiescence of the age (Karma) is from one. third of one-crore Purva years (as maximum) to (the minimum) briefest time (Asankshepaddha, an innumerable part of an Avali or wink). (But note that) in age (the quiescence is) not a proportionate part of the duration, as in other Karmas).

Commentary.

The age Karma is bound at one of the eight declining-times (Apakarshana Kala), see Gatha 517 (Jiva-Kanda) The maximum age is one crore Purva years in the case of humans in work-region (Karma-bhumi). So the longest quiescence possible cannot be more than one-third of one crore of Purya years. The maximum celestial and hellish ages are 33 Sagaras and of humans and sub-humans of the enjoyment regions, 3 Palyas. But the celestial and hellish being bind their next age Karma 6 months, and the enjoyment region humans and sub-humans 9 months, before death. Therefore their quiescence cannot be more than one-third of this time.

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159 As to premature operation (Udirna) of the seven Karmas (i. e., all except age) the quiescence (is) one Avali, and necessarily (there) is no premature operation .of the age (Karma) for the next incarnation (in the present incarnation).

Commentary.

The Avali in the Gatha is called Achalavali or fixed wink, i. e. the minimum period of quiescence. Some matter out of the molecules having 10ng duration can be brought to operation prematurely by diminishing their duration. Such Karmas must have a minimum qllie3cence of one Avali before premature operation, Udirna.

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160. (The number of) drippings (Nisheka) of the seven Karmas (is the number of instants in) the duration of the Karma minus its quiescence. And necessarily the drippings (Nisheka) of the age-Karma is (the number of instants in) its duration.

Commentary.

Dripping is the number of molecules of particular Karma which are shed is one instant. It should be known that Karmic molecules bound at a particular instant begin to operate after passing the quiescence. Then those molecules are distributed over all the instants of the duration minus Abadha. In each instant thereafter there is a shedding of a lesser number of molecules than in the former, by a common difference (Chaya). Their proportion and distribution has been illustrated in Gatha No.5.

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161. After passing the quiescence, the greatest (number of molecules) should be assigned to the first dripping (of the first Gunah:.ini),(i.e., the greatest number of mole clues will be head in the first instant of any dripping). Then reduce (at each instant) by the common difference (Chaya) or(Nislekha) up to the first dripping of the next Gunah:.ini). (See note to Gatha 5).

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162. In the second (and other) drippings of the second (Gunahani), the common difference (is) half of the common difference of the first (Gunahani) and similarly in each Gunahani the common difference (Chaya) is half of that in (the preceding one).

Commentary.

If the unit of bondage be assumed as 6300 molecules, as in note to Gatha 5, and the period of their shedding, after deducting Abadha be 48 instants, the number of molecules in the first dripping of the first Gunahani will be 512 and in the last dripping of the last Gunahani 9 as is clear from the table below:

288 320 352 384 416 448 480 512

144 160 176 192 308 224 240 256

72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128

36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 82

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16