COMPLETE ETHICAL

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          XII.-The combinations here are similar to those in the 10^th stage. All the combinations are 1x20+19=39.

          XIII.-Here we have only a thoughts and each has only one group.

          Destructive.                            Operative.                     Natural.

          A                                             C                                    B

          9                                              3                                    2

          The combinations of C will be 4, and 3 otherwise. All actions are 1x4 +3=7.

          XIV. Here also we have 3 thoughts and each has one group.

          Destructive.                            Operative.                     Natural.

          A                                             C                                    B

          9                                              3                                    2

          The combinations are 7 as above.

          Liberated (Siddhas) have only the two thoughts below:

                   Destructive.                            Natural.

                             9                           Soul ness,

          Let as now calculate the� combinations in the Subsidential ladder.

          During the 4 stages from 8th to 11th there are the following thoughts and groups, with some difference in the operative thoughts beyond the 9th stage with sex.inclination.

Subsidential.        Destructive.                   Mixed.        Operative.            Natural.

2                           1                           12               6                           2

                                                          11

                                                          10

                                                          9

Thoughts.   Mixed.        Operative. Natural.      Subsidential.      Destructive.

Groups.      A B G H            C       D                E                          F

                   12 11 10 9                  6        2        2 (Belief & Conduct.)    Belief.

          Comparing the combinations shown in detail under stages VI.VII, the difference here is that E. F. both exist here at the same time, whereas they do not coexist in stages VI and VII. There is there fore an increase of 10 combinations with C. CEF, ACEF, BCEF, GCEF, HCE.F, CDEF, and ACDEF, BCDEF, GCDEF, HCDEF, and of 10 otherwise.

          VIII. Subsidential Ladder. The combinations will be 12x40+39 480+89 �519.

          IX. Subsidential with sex-inclination. The combinations are 12=480+39=519.

          IX. Subsidential without sex-inclination. The combinations will be 4x 10+39= 160+39= 199.

          IX, Subsidential without anger and pride. The combinations are 12x40+89=80+39=119.

          IX. ubsidential without anger, pride and deceit. The combina�tions are Ix40+89=40+39=79.

          X. Subsidential. The combinations are 1x40+39=40+39=79.

          XI. Subsidential. The combinations are 1X40+89=40+39=79.

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          835.836. (As shown in the Commentary above pp. 337. 338 and 339 the number of (combinations of operative thoughts) to be multiplied (are) two hundred four in (each of the first) two (stages), one hundred and eighty in (each of) the two (Mixed and Vowless stages), seventy-two in the Partial vow, and thirty-six in (each of) the two (Imperfect and Perfect vow stages), and twelve in the New, thought-activity, twelve, four, three, two, and one in the gross (advanced thought activity);� then only one in (each stage till) the non-vibrating (Omniscient), Again. in case of beings without ocular conation the combinations are twelve (in wrong belief) and twelve (in Downfall stage) zero (in the Mixed), one hundred and four (in Vow less Destructive-right-belief stage) and thirty-six in Partial Vow.



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          837. The multiplying combinations of operative thoughts with others (are) respectively nine in the Wrong-belief. six in (each of) the two (Downfall and the Mixed), twelve in (each of) the two (Vowless and Partial Vow), thirty in (each of) the two (Imperfect and Perfect Vow), twenty in the three (stages 8th and 9th and 10th of Destructive ladder) twenty in the Delusionless (stage) and four in (each of) the two (13th and 14th stages).



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          838.839.     And (in case of beings without ocular conation) the multiplying (combinations are) three and two (respectively in Wrong belief and Downfall stages), zero (in Mixed), six (in the Destructive right belief Vowless stage) and also in Partial vow. (The combinations to be added are eight in the first stage, five (in the next two), eleven (in the next two), twenty-nine (in the next two), and nineteen (in the next three stages). nineteen (in the Delusion, less), three On each of It he 13th and 14th stages), further on (in case of beings without ocular conation) (they are respectively) three, two, zero, six and six in (stages till) the Partial vow (and in Vowless Destructive right-belief). The multiplying (combinations are) forty and those to be added (are forty) less one, in (each of) the four subsidential (stages).



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          840-841. The (number of the) combinations of the groups (of thoughts) in Wrong-belief etc., (stages) are (respectively), eighteen hundred and eighty-three. twelve-hundred and fifty-.five. one thousand and eighty. five, twenty-.eight hundred and one, ten hundred and ninety seven, and eleven hundred and nine in each of the two (Imperfect and Perfect vow stages). I shall describe (them) gradually in the Destructive (stages).

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          842. In the New (though activity) and five parts of the Advanced thought activity, Slightest Delusion and Delusionless (stages. they are respectively), ten times twenty-six, the same, (ten times) ten. (ten times) eight. (ten times) six, (ten times) four, (ten times) four and (ten times) four, deducting one (everywhere).

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          843. During (four stages of) Subsidential (ladder), (they) are double (of the four stages of the Destructive ladder) adding one (everywhere respectively). (They are) seven in the Vibratory (Omniscient), the same seven in the non-vibratory (Omniscient) and three only in Liberated souls. Thus verily (are all) the combinations (of thoughts).

Stages

Combinations of Operative To be multiplied.

Multiplying combinations with operative thoughts.

Combinations among other thoughts. To be added.

Combinations.

Total combinations.

I non-ocular conation.

204

12

9

3

8

3

(204x9+8)

(12x3+3)

18883

II Non-ocular-conation.

204

12

6

2

5

2

(204X6+5)

(12X2+2)

1255

III

180

6

5

180X6+5

1085

IV Non-ocular-conation.

180

104

12

6

5

6

(180X12+5)

(104X6+6)

2801

V

72

36

12+6

11+6

(72X12+11)

(36X11+6)

1097

VI

36

30

29

1080+29

1109

VII

36

30

29

1080+29

1109

VIII

Destructive Ladder.

12

20

19

240+19

259

IX (1)

12

20

19

240+19

259

IX (2)

4

20

19

80+19

99

IX (3)

3

20

19

60+19

79

IX (4)

2

20

19

40+19

59

IX (5)

1

20

19

20+09

39

X

1

20

19

20+19

39

VIII

Subsidential Ladder.

12

40

39

480+39

519

IX (1)

12

40

39

12X40+39

519

IX (2)

4

40

39

4X10+39

199

IX (3)

3

40

39

3X10+39

159

IX (4)

2

40

39

2X10+39

119

IX (5)

1

40

39

1X10+39

79

X

1

40

39

1X10+39

79

XI

1

40

39

1x40+39

79

XII

1

20

19

20+19

39

XIII

1

4

3

4+3

7

XIV

1

4

3

4+3

7

Liberated

0

0

3

3

5

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          844. Pada-bhanga. are again of two kinds Jatigapad abhanga and Sarva Pada bhanga. There are also in Jatipada, Sva-Samyoga (combinations) in Destructive. and Mixed (thought activities), and in their groups.

Commentary.

          Sthanagata combinations have already been described in Verses 828 to 848. Padagata combinations are of two sorts Jatigapada bhanga, where several thoughts in one sub-division of a kind are collectively treated as one. For example four kinds of knowledge form part of a sub-division of Mixed Thought. All the four are collectively considered as one. Sarva Pada bhanga includes all possible combinations of various kinds of thought in a sub-division. For example, in sub-divisions of Destructive Mixed thoughts, different thoughts combine with one another within the sub-division, e.g. charity co. existing with gain and other acquisitions.



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          845. The Jatigapada kind of Subsidential (thought is) one in the four (stages}from Vowless, (viz., right belief alone), two in (the four stages of) subsidential (ladder, e. g., Belief and Conduct). The (Jatipada) kind of Destructive (thought is) one, (in the above stages, viz., Belief only). During (four stages of) Destructive (ladder), (they are) two (Belief and Conduct). (They are) five in the Conquerors (Belief, Conduct, Knowledge, Conation and Acquisition), and (are) four in the liberated souls, all 5 (excepting Conduct).



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          846. (There are) three kinds of Mixed (thoughts) (i. e.. Wrong knowledge, Conation� and Acquisition) in the three Wrong-belief (etc stages) in the Vowless (they are) four (i. e. Knowledge, Conation, Acquisition and Belief); in the three Partial ;(vow etc.,), (they are of) five kinds (i. e., the four just stated and Partial Control in the 5th, and control with attachment in the 6th and 7th). Further on till the Delusionless, there are three kinds (of them i. e., Knowledge. Conation and Acquisition).



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          847. (There are) eight Kinds of operative (thoughts) (i. e.. Condition, Passion, Sex, Thought paint. Wrong-belief, Ignorance, Non-control, Non-liberatedness) in .the Wrong belief (stage). They (are) seven (all the 8 excepting Wrong-belief) in the three (Down. fall etc.,); further on till the 9th stage with sex-inclination (they are) six (omitting here (non-control also), thereafter till Slightest (delusion, they are) five:< (omitting sex. inclination also); further till Delusionless, (they are) four (leaving passion also). In the Vibratory and Non-Vibratory conquerors (they are respectively) three (leaving Ignorance), and two (leaving Thought-paint also).



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          848. (There are) two kinds of Natural (thoughts) (Liberable and Non-Liberable) in the Wrong-belief (stage), but only one in the remaining (stages). And I shall describe the group of combinations in Wrong-belief ere., (stages). with reference to Jatigapada. .

Commentary.

          The Jatigapada sub-divisions in five thought activities are:�

          (1) Two i.e., Subsidential Belief and Subsidential Conduct in Subsidential thought activity.

          (2) Five i.e., Knowledge, Conation, Belief, Conduct and Acquisition, in the Destructive thought-activity.

          (3) Seven i.e., Wrong Knowledge, Right Knowledge, Conation, Belief, Conduct, Acquisition, Control in Mixed thought-activity.

          (4) Eight i.e., Condition, Passion, Sex, Wrong-belief, Ignorance, Non-control, Non-liberableness, Thought paint in the Operative thought.

          (5) Three i.e., Soulness, Liberableness, Non-liberableness, in the Natural thoughts.

          Let us now calculate all combinations of the Jatipada bhanga description.

          I. Wrong-belief stage. Here we have three classes of Mixed thought i.e., Wrong-knowledge, Conation and Acquisition. All 8 of the Operative, and two of the Natural, liberableness and non-liber. ableness as shown in the tabular statement below :�

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural

Sub-divisions �

A

B

F

C

D

E

Wrong knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisitions.

8

Liberableness.

Non-Liberableness.

          The combinations of Care 1+5+6=12, C+AC, BC, FC, DC, EC+ ACD, ACE, BCD, BCE, FCD, FCE. The combinations among the rest are 6+6+8=14. A, B, F, D, E+AD, AE, BD, BE, FD, FE and the 8 Sva-Samyoga AB, FD, and BF.. The total combinations will be 8 x12+14=I 10.

          II. Downfall stage. The following thoughts are present.

          We shall adept the symbols A.B.C, etc.. as in Stage 1.

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural

Sub-divisions �

A

B

F

C

D

Wrong knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisitions.

7

Liberableness.

          The combinations of C will be (A+AC, BC, FC. DC), + (ACD, BCD, FCO), 1+4+3=6. Other combinations are A, B, F, D+Ad, Bd, Fd, the 3 AS, AF, BG, Sva-somyga combinations. The total is 8x7+IO- 56.

          III. Mixed. Here sub-divisions are the same as in Downfall, and the number of combinations will be the same i.e., 66.

          IV. Vowless. Here we have subsidential right-belief. and Destructive right-belief and 4 kinds of Mixed thoughts i.e., Knowledge, Conation, Acquisition, and Destructive-subsidential right-belief, seven kinds of Operative thought, as said above, and one Natural. Liberable. ness as shown below:�

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural.

Subsidential.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions

A

B

F

G.

C

D

H.

I

Knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisition

Destructive Sub-sidential Right belief.

7

Liberableness.

Right-Belief.

Right-Belief.

          The combinations of the Operative thought Care C+(AC. EC, FC, GC, CO, CH, CI,)+(ACO, ACH, ACI, BCD, BCH, BCI, FCD, FCH, FCI, GCD, GCH, GCI)+(ACDH, BCOH, FCDH. ACDI. BCOI. FCDI); 1+7+12+6=26, Five thoughts cannot combine. Subsidential and Destructive Right belief cannot co-exist simultaneously. The other combinations ere (A, B, F, C, 0, H, I)+(AD, AH, AI, BD, BH, BI, FD, FH, FI, DH, 01, GD)+(ADH, BDH, FDH, ADI, BDI, FDI)+(AB, AF, BF, the 3 Sva-samyoga.) 7+12+6T3=28. All combinations are 7x�26t28=210.

          V, VI & VII. Partial-vow. Imperfect and Perfect-vow-stages. In each of these, there is Subsidential-right belief Destructive-right. belief, 5 thoughts i.e., Knowledge, Conation, Acquisition, Belief, and Conduct of the Mixed kind; 8� of Operative thoughts (leaving non-control) ; and Liberableness of the Natural as shown below:�,

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural.

Subsidential.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions

A

B

F

G.

J

C

D

H.

I

Knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisition

Destructive Sub-sidential Right belief.

Conduct, mixed.

6

Liberableness.

Right-Belief.

Right-Belief.

Calculating in the manner shown above all Combinations in each stage will be

(1+8+15+8) X 6+ (8+15+8)+3=92 x 6 + 31 + 8= 192+34=226.

          VIII & IX With sex-inclination on the Subsidential ladder. The thoughts and sub-divisions are as follows:�

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural.

Subsidential.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions

A

B

F

C

D

H.

K

I

Knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisition

6

Liberableness.

Right-Belief.

Right Conduct.

Right-Belief.

          Combinations of C are C+(AC, BC, FC. ,?C. HC,KC, IC)+ (ACD, BCD, FCD, CDH. CIK, CDL CKI, ACH, ACK, ACI, BCH, BCK, CBI, FCH, FCK, FCI)+(HACD, HBCD, HFCD, KICD, KIAC, KIBC, KIFC, ACD, BCD, IFCD, KACD; KBCD, KFCD) +(KIBCD, KIFCD, KIA CD), 1+7+16+18+3=40. Other combinations are A, B, F, D, H, K, H(AD, AH, AK, AI, BD, BH, BK, BI, FD,

FH, FK, FI, DH DK, DI, KIJ+(ADH, ADK, ADI, BDH, BDK,� BDI:FDH; FDK, FDI, DKI, KIA, KIB,) KIF+(ADKI, BDKI, FDKI). .7+16+18+8=89. Add to them the 8 Sva-samyoga.

          All combinations will then be 40 x 6+89+8=240+42=282.

          IX with sex-inclination has 282.

          IX without sex-inclination and X, In each part of the 9th without Sex-inclination and the 10th stages, there are the following thoughts:�

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural.

Subsidential.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions

A

B

F

C

D

H.

K

I

Knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisition

5

Liberableness.

Right-Belief.

Right Conduct.

Right-Belief.

          Calculating in the manner just above, all the combinations are 5x40+42=200+42=242 in each of these two stages.

          XI In the 11th stage, they are the same as in the 10th; the only difference is that Operative thoughts are 4 only, leaving Passion also. All the combinations are 4 x 40 + 42 = 160 + 42 = 202.

          Destructive VIII & IX with sex-inc1inatioa. We have the following, thoughts:��

Thoughts

Mixed

Operative.

Natural.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions

A

B

F

C

D

I.

L

Knowledge.

Conation.

Acquisition

6

Liberableness.

Right-Belief.

Conduct.

          The combinations of Care C+(CA, CB, CF, CD, CI, CL)+(ACD. BCD, FCD, CDI, CDL ACI, ACL, BCI, BCL, FCI, FCL) + (ACDI ACDL BCD! BCDL FCDI FCDL). 1+ II + II + 6=24. The other combinations are 6+11+6=29 A, B, F, D, I, L + (AD, BD, FD, AI, BI, FI, AL, BL, FL, DI, DL)+(ADI, ADL, BDI, BDL, CDI, CDW Add the 8 Sava-Samyoga. Ail the eombhl sations are II x 24+2) + B . 144 + 211 = 170.

          IX Destructive. without sex-inclination and X. Each has the thoughts as just above, the only difference is that the Operative thoughts are 5 instead of 6, Sex being excluded. All the combinations will be 5 X 24 + 26 = 120 +26 =146.

          XII. Delusionless. Same thoughts as just above. except that the Operative ODES will be 4 instead of . All the combinations are 4 x 24 +26 =122.

          XII. Vibrating Omniscient. Here we haV�6 the Destructive J i. ft., Knowledge, Conation, Belief, Conduct end Acquisition, an:! .the Operative are 9 i. e., condition, Thought-painted Non-liberatedness Natural is liberatedness.

Thoughts.

Operative.

Natural.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions.

C

D

I

L

M

N

O

3

Liberableness.

Belief.

Conduct.

Knowledge.

Conation.

Accusation.

          The combinations with Care C+(CD, CI, CL, CM, CN, CO) +(CDI, CDL, COM, CON, COO). 1+6+5=12. The other combinations are 0, I, L, M, N, 0+(01, OL, OM, ON. DO.) 6+5=11. Sva-�Samyoga is only one. All combinations are 3x 12+11+1=36+ 12=48.

          XIV. The 11th stage has the s1Ime thoughts as the 13th. The operative thoughts will be 2 only. leaving Thought-paint also. All combinations will be 2 x 12+12=36.

          Liberated Souls. In the liberated souls, there are no Operative thoughts. The Destructive ones are 4, i. e. Belief, Knowledge, Conation and Acquisition, and the Natural is only I Soulness.

          The combination are 5+4=9 P. I. M, N. O+ PI, PM, PN, PO.

Thoughts.

Natural.

Destructive.

Sub-Divisions.

P

I

M

N

O

Soulness

Belief.

Knowledge.

Conation

Acquisitions.

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          849. (As shown above, the operative combinations) to be multiplied (are) eight in the Wrong-belief; seven in (each of the next) three; six in (each of the next) four; six and five in the gross (i. e., the 9th with sex. inclination, and without sex.inclination, respectively) five, in the fine (i. e., the lath); four in (each of) the two (lith and 12th); three (in the 13th) and two (in the 14th); thereafter nil.

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          850. The multiplying (combinations are) twelve (in the 1st), eight (in the 2nd), eight (in the 3rd); twenty six (in the 4th); thirty-two in (each of the next) three (stages); twenty-four in (each of the next) three (destructive stages); then forty (in each of the subsidential 4 stages); twenty-four (in the 12th); twelve (in the 13th) twelve (in the 14th); (and then) nil.

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          851. (Those) to be added are fourteen in the wrong� belief; ten in (each of the next) two; twenty-eight (in the 4th); thirty-four in (each of the next) three; twenty-six in (each of the next destructive) three (stages); forty-two (in each of the 4 subsidential stages from 8th to 11th); twenty-six (in the) 12th, twelve (in the 13th); twelve (in the 14th); and nine (in the liberated souls).



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          852. (The total Jatigapada combinations are) ten times eleven (in the 1st stage), sixty-six in (each of the next two); two hun�dred and ten (in the 4th); two hundred and twenty-fix in (each of the next) three; two-hundred and eighty-two (in each of the 8th and the 9th) with sex in subsidential (ladder).

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          853. Thereafter, two hundred and forty-two in (each of the 9th, without sex, and the 10th) fine; and two hundred, and two in the Subsided (delusion stage). I shall speak of combinations in the destructive (stages), gradually.



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          854. The combinations are seventeen multiplied by ten in (each of the 8th and 9th with) sex; one hundred and forty-six in fine (each of the 9th without sex. and the 10th) and one hundred and twenty-two in the Delusionless.



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          855. The combinations are forty-eight and thirty-six (res�pectively) in the (Vibrating andh0nNibrating) conquerors. and nine in the Liberated. Further on, I shall describe (combinations) with reference to all the kinds in the wrong. be Leif etc., (stages), Hear.

Thought-paints. Each has double that of a passion,    2x4P=8P

          There are 3 thought paints, 4 passions, and S sex-inclinations in sub-humans and humans both. The combinations are ax4xSx2x8P=576P. 576P              Combination. in Right-belief are double those in the preceding term, Thought paint, viz. 2xBP= 16P.

          Sub-humans and humans each have II paints, 4 pas�sions, 3 sex-inclinations. Combinations for Subsidential� belief 2x3X4x3x16P=72X16P=1152P.    ...                                    1152P

          Combinations in Destructive-subsidential-belief are the

same, 72 x 16PI=152P.                                       �               1152P

          In Destructive belief, which only humans can have, the

combinations will be 16P x 36-576 P.       ...                �               576P.

          All Combinations in Partial-Yow-State are

P-1+2P+12P+95P�+576P+1152P+ 52P+576P=3587P-1.               3567P-1.

          Without those in Destructive belief, they are 2991 P-1         299IP-I.

          VI. Imperfect-Vow-Stage. Here Mental-knowledge is .

added, and Partial control changed into Control with-attach�ment. This state is possible to humans only. Human condition should therefore be treated as Pratyeka, and the terms amount to It!. The last term �human condition� will have 2 =2x2 =2 P Combinations, and the sum of

          all terms Combinations is 2 �1=2 x2 - I = 4P-1            4P-1.

          To calculate Pinda Pada.

          Sex-inclinations. Each has 2X2P=4P. 3 inclinations have

3x4P=12P.                                                                              12P

          Passions. Each has 2X4P.:BP. The combinations for

4 passions ase 4x3x8P=12x8P=96P.         ...                                   96P

          Thought-paints. Each has 2x8P=16P. The combinations

for 3 thought-paints, with 4 passions, 3 sex-inclinations are

3X4x3xi6P =576P                                                                            576P

          Right-belief. Each has 2xi6P=S2P. The S kinds.

of Right-belief,� 3 thought paints, 4 passions, and 8 inclina�tions

have 3x3x4x3x32P=108X3 �P=3456P.                         ... 3456P.

          Grand total of all combinations is 4P-I+ 12P+56P+576P+3156,   4144P-1



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          856. As a rule, (a soul can possess) in one instant anyone of the (two) liberableness (or non liberablmess), (anyone) of the (four) conditions of existence, of the (three) sex inclinations, of the (four) anger etc., (Passions)~ of the (six) thought-paints, and of the (three sorts of) right belief.

Commentary.

          Sarvapada bhanga are of 2 kinds; Pindapada or Pratyeka pada. Pinda pada means a collective group. Five such groups have been described just above in verse f56. Pratyeka pada signifies each single thought.



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          857. Pratyeka pada (are) fifteen in the Wrong-belief (stage). (They are) the five conscious attentiveness, ��ֵ�� (i. e., 3 kinds of wrong-knowledge and 2 conations); (five) charity etc., ( acquisitions ); four Operative. (i. e.. Wrong-belief, Ignorance, Non-control; Non-iberatedness); and sculness



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          858. Adding (to the above 15 Pratyeka-pada). the five Pindapada (i. e., the two liberableness and its opposite), the (four) Conditions, the (three) Sex-inclinations, (four) anger etc.. and the (six) Thought-paints, Sarvapada are. verily, twenty only.



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          859. (First place the Pratyeka serially). After the Partakes, and apart from them, (place) the pair of liberableness, and its opposite. the Conditions (of existence), the Sex-inclinations, Anger etc., (passions). and Right-belief etc., (serially).



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          860. Beginning from one, the combinations with the next one continue doubling, as we proceed. gradually onwards.



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          861. The desired (value) (of a term) is calculated by squab, ring two to the power of the desired (number of) terms less one. The desired sum of the last term (combinations) with others (viz. of all terms from first to last) is found) by deducting one from double the value of the last term.



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          862. Possible combinations among similar (Pinda-pada) placed apart should be calculated. Those in the Destructive Right Belief Vowless, and Partial vow stages should be omitted, Destructive Right-Belief (combinations) be (separately calculated).



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          863. The total sum is obtained by addition of the total quantities of upper and the next terms. By this rule, combinations of all (terms are calculated) in all stages beginning from (Wrong-belief), Commentary.

          Let us calculate the Sarva-pada possible combinations in all spiritual stages, according to the rules above stated.

          The following tabular statement represents the Pratyeka and Pinda-Padas in Wrong-belief stage.

Wrong Knowledge

Wrong Conation.

Acquisitions.

Sensitive.

Scriptural.

Visual.

Ocular.

Non ocular.

Charity.

Gain.

Enjoyable.

Re-enjoyable.

Power

Wrong-belief.

Ignorance.

Non-control.

Non-liberatedness.

Sourness..

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PINDA-PADA.

Liberableness.

Non-liberableness.

Conditions of Existence

Sex-clination.

Passions.

Thought-Pints.

Hellish.

Sub-human.

Human.

Celestial.

Female.

Male.

Common.

Anger.

Pride.

Deceit.

Geed.

Black.

Blue.

Grey.

Yellow.

Pink.

White.

          The first term wrong sensitive-knowledge stands by itself. The second term wrong-scriptural knowledge stands by itself. and forms a combination with the preceding term, Wrong sensitive knowledge. The 3rd term, Wrong-visual-knowledge and its combinations with the preceding 2 terms, amount to 4. The 4 term combinations are 8. In this manner the, number of possible combinations of each term with the preceding terms would be 1, 1x2,1x2x2, lx2x2x2, lX2x2x2X2, 1x2 (n-1) terms or 1,2,^2-1,2 ^3-1, 2 ^4-1, 2 ^5-1 , ,� 2 ^n-1 or 1 ², 2², 2³, 2⁴, ��.. 2 n-1; where n is the number of terms.

          Such combinations would form a series in geometrical progress�ion, each term being double of that preceding it. 2 is the common ratio of the series, the common factor by which each term is multiplied. The Algebraically formula, known to every student of Mathematics is I=ar ^n-1, where a represents the first term, 1� the last term, 1�, the common ratio, and n the number of terms.

          The rule stated in Verse 861 is practically the same. Here: 2 is common ratio, and I is the first term. 2 raised to the power represented by the number of terms less one, thus shows the value of the last term. The other algebraically formula s= a (rⁿ- I) where

                   r-I

S denotes the sum of all the terms, is also reduced to a simpler form in Verse 861 in view of the fact that the first term is I, and the common ratio is 2.

S= 1(2ⁿ-1)=2ⁿ -1 Which is the same thing as

          2-1

double the value of the last term minus I. The value of the last term,

is 2x2 1⁵-1=2 ⁿ-1.

    All combinations of the 15 Pratyeka Padas would thus be

2 x2¹⁵-l=2 x 2¹⁴=2x16384-1=32768-1=32767. And the number of the last term combination with the previous ones would be 2¹⁵-1 = 2¹⁴=16384.

          Jain Scholars have for facility of calculation adopted a special unit called pannatthi, which is

          {{(2²)²}²}²}² = 12 ¹⁶ =65536= P(say)

          The last term of the geometrically progressive series of the Combinations among the 15 Pratyeka Padas in the Wrong-belief stage was 1:3384, which is 1/4 P.

          Let us now calculate all combinations of Pratyeka Pad a thoughts with those of the Pinde-Pada which follow them in serial order as stated in Verse 859.

          Applying the rule stated in Vel�s6 860, we arrive at the follow. results.

          All Combinations of the last term of Pratyeka Pads with those preceding it were 16384 which is = P/4.

          The 16th term is liberableness Its Combinations with the former 15 terms will be double of the combi;J3tions of the preceding term 15, viz 1 of P= 32768. Non-liberableness will have the same number of combinations i. e.. 32768, because a soul may be either liberableur non-liberable. The total number would be P.

          Each condition of existence has with the preceding terms double the number of combinations of the preceding term. i. e., 2 P. All the four conditions have 8 P Combinations. A soul can have only one condition at a time.

          A Sex-inclination will have combinations double those of a condition i. e., 2 x 2P = 4P. Hellish condition has: only I the Common-sex inclination. Celestials have male and female; humans and sub-humans each have all the 3: All the 4 conditions have thus 9 sex inclinations. Combinations of all the sex-inclinations are 36 P. Each passion will have 2 x 4P = 8P Combinations. Hellish beings have 4 x 8P = 32P. In each of the human and sub-human conditions we have all.3 sex. inclinations, and therefore 4 x 3 x 8P=96P. Celestials have only 2 sex inclinations and hence 4 x 2 x 8P=64P. All Combinations of all 4 conditions with preceding thoughts are (32 + 96 + 95 +64) P=2S8 P.

          A Thought paint will have 2 x 8P = 16P Combinations. Hellish beings have one sex inclination, 4 Passions and 3 Thought paints. All Combinations 16P x 4 x 3 = 192 P. Sub-humans have 3 sex. inclinations, 4 Passions, and 6 Thought paints, and will have 16P x 3 x 4 x 6 =16 x 72 P = I152P. Humans .have the same. Celestial have 2 sex inclinations, Passions end 6 Thought paints. They will have==16 Px2x3x4X6= I 6Xq 8p=7 6 8P Combination.

          The total combination in all the 4 conditions with reference to 4 Passions, 3 sex-inclinations and 6 Thought paints are 192 P + 1152P + 768P = 3264P.

          The following are the total combinations of groups:

          1. Liberable and non-Liberable.                                             1 P.

          2. 4 conditions                                                               8 P.

          3. 3 Sex-inclinations.                                                     36 P.

          4. 4 Passions                                                                 288 P.

          5. 6 Thought-paints.                                                      3264 P.

                                                                                                3597 P.

or (65536 X 3�97) Combinations.

Combinations of Pratyeka kind are 2¹⁵_1=32768-1=32767=P/2-1

          Total Combinations in Wrong-belief stage are thus 3597P+P/2-1

71 95/2 P-1 =719x1/2P-1 32768 x 7195-1=235765759.

          11 Downfall Stage. Here we have absence of Wrong. belief and non-liberableness.

          The Pratyeka and Pinda-Pada thoughts in the second stage may be shown as below:

PRATYEKA-PADA.

Wrong Knowledge

Wrong Conation.

Acquisitions.

Sensitive.

Scriptural.

Visual.

Ocular.

Non ocular.

Charity.

Gain.

Enjoyable.

Re-enjoyable.

Power

Wrong-belief.

Ignorance.

Non-control.

Non-liberatedness.

Sourness..

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PINDA-PADA.

Liberableness.

Non-liberableness.

Conditions of Existence

Sex-clination.

Passions.

Thought-Pints.

Hellish.

Sub-human.

Human.

Celestial.

Female.

Male.

Common.

Anger.

Pride.

Deceit.

Geed.

Black.

Blue.

Grey.

Yellow.

Pink.

White.

          All Combinations among the 16 Pratyeka-pada are as shown

above, 2 ^15-1=32768-I=P/2=-1. Let us calculate the combinations

in the Pinda.Pada which follow.

          The 15th term has 2^15-1=214=1638=P/4 combinations with

the preceding term s                        �               �                         P/4

The four conditions of Existence. Each condition has 2xP/4=P/2

All 4 Conditions have 4xP/2             �               �                         2P

Sex-inclinations. Each sex-inclination will have 2xP/2=P

          In hellish condition, there is one, the common sex-inclination

Hence                                                         �               �                         2P

In Sub-human, all 3, and hence                 �               �                         3P.

In human, the same                          �               �                         3P.

In Celestial, only �2, the male and female inclinations

are found and hence                         �               �                         2P.

                                                                   In all.          �                         9P.

Passions. Each passion has 2xP=2P.

          Hellish condition has all 4 passions and common

          sex.inclination and hence 4x2P        ...

          Sub-humans have 4 passions and S sex inclinations and hence

          4xsx2P                                                        �                         24P.

          Humans the same                                                �                         24P.

          Celestials 4X2X2P.                                    �                         16P.

                                                                                                          72P.

Thought Paints. Each thought-paint has 2X2P=4P.

          Hellish condition has common-sex-inclinations, with 4

          passions, and the three bad thought paints and hence

          1 x4x3x4P=                                                                                       48P.

          Sub-human has 3 sex-inclinations, 4 passions, 6 thoughts

and hence 3x4x6x4P.                                                                       288P.

Human has the same                                                                        288P.

          Celestial has 2, the male and female sex-inclinations,

passions, 6 thought and hence 2x4x6x4P.                                        292P

                                                                                                          816P.

Adding all the above combinations, we have

P/2-1+2P+9P+72P+816P.

=P/2-1+899 p=P-2+1798P

                             2

1799P-2 == 1799P/2 �1.

    2

III Mixed Stage. The Pratyeka-Padas will be 16 as below :�

Knowledge

Conation.

Acquisitions.

Sensitive.

Scriptural.

Visual.

Ocular.

Non ocular.

Charity.

Gain.

Enjoyable.

Re-enjoyable.

Power

Wrong-belief.

Ignorance.

Non-control.

Non-liberatedness.

Sourness..

Liberableness.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

          The Pinda-Pada will be the same as stated before. There will be 2¹⁵=3276B=P/2 Combinations of the 16th term, Liberebleness.

The sum of all combinations of the 16 terms will be 2¹⁶- I =P-1,

          The Pinda-Pada combinations will be calculated as follows in the the manner explained above in detail.

          Conditions of existence. Each will have 2xP/2=P. and all 4XP. 4P.

          Sex-inclinations. Each will have 2P and in all 4 conditions

of Existence, the sex-inclinations Combinations will be 9X2P ... 18P.

          Passions. Each will have 2x2P=4P, and in all conditions of Existence, and inclinations, the Passion combinations will be

4x9X4xP     ...       ...       ... 144P

          Thought Paints. Each will have 2x4P=8P.

          In Hellish Condition of Existence. there are 3 paints, with 4 passions. common sex-inclination af1d hence the combinations

          will be 3x4xlx8P.=12x8XP.                        �               �      96 P.

          Sub-human��..                  6 x 4 X 3 x 3P=72 x 8P.          676 P.

          Human the same.                                                                    576 P.

          Celestial     3 x 4 x 2 x 8P =                                                    192 P.

                                                                                                          1440 P.

          All the Combinations in the 3rd stage are thus P-1+4P+18p

1-144P + 1440 P=1607/P-1.

          IV Vowless Stage. Here the right-belief Pinda-Pada is an additional term and the other Combinations are the same as in the Mixed Stage viz: 1607 P- 1.

          There are 5 kinds of Right belief. Destructive, Subsidential and Destructive-subsidential.

Combinations of Riget-beliet will be double those of a thought paint =8P x 2 =16P. As stated in detail under the third stage on page 337 the combinations of sex-inclination, passions and thought. paints in 4 conditions of Existence are 12+72+72+24=180.

Therefore combinations for subsidential belief will be 16P X 180 =2880 P; and combinations for the destructive-subsidential belief the        same = 16PxI80=2880P.

To discuss Destructive right-belief:

In hellish condition this belief is possible only in the first hell. There is only the grey thought-paint, The combinations of passions, sex-inclinations, and thought-paints are 4X I x I =4                                                                      4

Only male sub-humans of enjoyment region can have this belief;

and only 4 thought-paints, excluding blue and black. The combinations

will be 4 x 4 X 1 = 16                                                                               16

In humans the combinations will be 6x4x3=72                                72

In Celestials only males have this belief and combinations

are 3x4x1=12                                                                                             12

                                                                                                         104

The Destructive Belief combinations are 104xI6P=1664P.

The total combinations in this stage are thus

1607 P-I as in the previous stage

          2880 P        in Subsidential belief,

          2880 P        in Destructive subsidential belief

          1664 P        in Destructive belief.

       = 9031 P - I, and (7367-1) only without those in Destructive-belief.

V. Partial-Vow. This is possible only in sub-human and human conditions of life. Non-control will in Pratyeka-pada be replaced by Partial control. Otherwise this is similar to the 4th stage.

          Combinations of the 16th term with others are and the P/2 sum of all terms Pl.

          Let us calculate the combinations in Pinda-Pada.

          Conditions of Existence. Each will be 2XP/2=P, Combinations

in human and sub-human = 2P.       ..                                                                 2P

          Sex-inclination. Each has 2 x P = 2P.

3 Sex-inclinations in each of the 2 condition, will have                         6x2P=12P

          Passion- Each has double of 2 P = 4P

          Sub-human and human each have 4 passions, and with

3 sex-inclinations, the combinations are 2x4x3x4P=96P,                         ,.. 96P.

Commentary.

The calculations stated in Verses 849 to 854 are shown in the tabular statement below :��

Stages.

Operative thought to be multiplied.

Multiplying conbinlations of operative thoughts.

Other combinations to be added.

Calculations.

Total combinations.

Subsidential.

Destructive.

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX with sex

IX without sex

X

XI

XIII

IX with sex

IX without sex

X

XII

XIII

XIV

Liberated

8

7

7

7

6

6

6

6

6

5

5

4

6

6

5

5

4

3

2

0

12

8

8

26

32

32

32

40

40

40

40

40

24

24

24

24

24

12

12

0

14

10

10

28

34

34

34

42

42

42

42

42

26

26

26

26

26

12

12

9

96+14

56+10

56+10

182+28

192+34

192+34

192+34

240+42

240+42

200+42

200+42

160+42

144+26

144+26

120+26

120+26

96+26

36+12

24+12

9

110

66

66

210

226

226

226

282

282

242

242

202

170

170

146

146

122

48

36

9

          VII. Perfect Vow has the same as those in Imperfect-vow,

4 144P-1.                                                                                �      4144P-1

          VIII. (s). New-thought-activity, in subsidential-Ladder has only the white thought-paint, and conduct is changed into Subsidential. There are thus 19 Pratyeka-Pada.

          The value of the last term is 2 ¹⁸ =2¹⁶ x2² =4P

          Pindapada terms are the S inclinations, and 2 beliefs, the Subsidential and Destructive.

          Each Sex-inclination has 2x4P=8P. All 3 have 3x8P=24P. 24P.

          Each passion has 2x8P=16P.           The four passions, with

3 inclinations, have 4x8xI6P=192P.                                       ...       192P.

          Each Right-belief has 2X16P=32P, The 2 kinds of Right belief, with 4 passions and 3 sex-inclinations� have 2x4X3x32P=768P.           ...       768P.

          All combinations in this stage are

8P-1+:24P+ 1 82P+768P=992P- I.                                        �      992P-1

          IX. (5) with Sex-inclination. Has the same as the

8th stage,                                                                                �      992P-I.�

          IX. (S) without sex-inclination. Has the same 19

Pratyeka.pada, and 8P-i Combinations.

          Pindapada calculations, The 19th term has?¹³ =4P. Each passion has 2x4P=8P; 4 passions have 4x8P=32P. Each Right-belief: has 2x8P= 16P. The two kinds of Right. belief, with passions have 2x4x16P=I23P. All combinations in this stage are 8P-1+32P+P8 P=168P-I.                               ...       168P-1.

          X. (S). By addition of the single passion, slight.greed the pratyeka.pada will be raised to 20. The Pinds-pads is only Right-belief. The 20th term slight-greed has 2¹⁹ =2 ¹⁶x 2 ⁸ =8P. Each Right-belief, has 2x3P=16P. The 2 kinds of Right�-belief have 2x 16P=32P. Total of all the Combinations will be 16P-I+32P=48P-1. ...                                                                     �      48P-1.

          XI. Excluding passion, there are only 19 Pratyeka-pada.

Combinations of the 19th term are 2¹⁸ =4P�

          Each Right-belief will have 2x4P=8P, The 2 kinds of belief will have �2 x8P=16P. All combinations in Subsided �delusion stage we 8P-1 + 1 G P=2 4P-1

          VIII. (D) In the Destructive ladder, this stage has Destructive control, instead of Subsidential control, and Destructive-right-belief will be added to Pratyeka.pada, making them 20. The last term is 2¹⁹ =2¹⁶ x2⁸ =8P.

          Pinda-pada Calculations. Each sex-inclination has 2X8P =16P. The 3 sex-inclination will have 3X16P=48P. Each passion has 2x15P=32P. 4 passions will 3 sex-inclinations have 4x3x32P=12x32P=384P. All combinations are 16P�1+48P+384P.                                                                     �      448P-1.

          IX (D) with sex-inclination. In the Destructive ladder

this stage has the same combinations as VIII (D)                           ...       448P-1.

          IX (D) without sex-inclination. There are 20 Pratyeka.

pada and Pinda-pada consists of passion only.

          The 20th term is 2 ¹⁹= 2¹⁶ X2³ =8P. Each passion

has 2 x 8P=16P. 4 passions have 4xI6P=64P. The total of

both kindr.=16P-1+64P=80P-J.                                                      ...       80P�1.

          X(D). Slight-greed is added to Pratyeka and there is

no Pinda-pada. The 21st term is 2²⁰= 2¹⁶x2⁴ = 16 P.

          All combinations are 16pX2-1.                                               �      32P�1.

          XII. Here there is no Slight greed, Pratyeka terms are

reduced to 20. All combinations are 2x8P- 1                                  �      16P�1.

          XIII. The Pratyeka terms are 14-Perfect knowledge. Perfect conation, Destructive-Right-belief, Destructive. Right-conduct, the 5 Destructive acquisitions, Non-liber�atedness soulness, liberableness, human condition, and white-thought-paint.        The Combinations are 2 ¹⁴- 1.            ...       P/4-1.

          XIV. There is no thought-paint. The sum of combinations

of 13 terms is to 2¹⁸- 1.                                                          ...       P/8�1.

          Liberated souls have Perfect. knowledge, Perfect conation, Destructive Right-Belief, Infinite power, and soulness.

The sum of all Combinations will be 2⁵-1 = 32-1 = 31.

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          864-865. The number of Pratyeka-pada in (stages) begging from Wrong-belief. is fifteen in (each of) the (first) two; sixteen in (each of) the (next) three; eighteen. in (each of) the (next) two; twenty in the Destructive, New and Advanced-thought-activity. (stage); nineteen in (the) Subsidential (ones); twenty in Subsidential, slightest,(greed), nineteen in Subsided-Delusion); twenty one, twenty- fourteen, thirteen and five in the rest, (i.e., respectively, in Destruc�tive. 10th. 12th. 13th and 14th stages and in the Liberated).



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          866-867. Sarva-pada Combination (of terms) (in� stales beginning), from Wrong-belief to Delusionless are calculated by using) sixty-five thousand and five-hundred and thirty-six (as a unit).

          That (unit) is respectively multiplied by half of seventy-one hundred and ninety-five. eighteen hundred minus one, and sixteen hundred and seven, in the first three stages.



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